Urea detection technologies

There are several technologies proposed for urea detection through use of immobilized urease. Most of them offer a narrow detection limit in either low or high concentrations of urea. Srivastava et al. [12], described a urea biosensor utilizing... 

Immimodiagnostics and enzyme biosensors are two of the leading technologies that have a greatest impact on the food industry. The use of these two systems has reduced the time for detection of pathogens such as Salmonella to 24 hr and has provided detection of biological compounds such as cholesterol or chymotrypsin [15]. Biosensors analyses Beta lactams in milk and presence of urea in milk that lead to production of synthetic milk, the biocomponent part of the urea biosensor is an immobilized urease yielding bacterial cell biomass isolated from soil and is coupled to the ammonium ions selective electrodes of a potentiometric transducer. The membrane potential of all types of potentiometric cell based probes is related to the activity of electrochemically-detected product [16]. 

The original electrode was developed for detecting urea in blood and urine samples. An enzyme sensor for measuring urea in milk has been reported by an Indian group [31]. The working principle is identical to that of Guilbault s sensor. The sensor prepared for milk analysis, however, is a flat cell fabricated with screen-printed technology. 

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