Urate-anion exchanger

A. Enomoto, H. Kimura, A. Chairoungdua, Y. Shigeta, P. Jutabha, S. H. Cha, M. Hosoyamada, M. Takeda, T. Sekine, T. Igarashi, H. Matsuo, Y. Kikuchi, T. Oda, K. Ichida, T. Hosoya, K. Shimokata, T. Niwa, Y. Kanai, and H. Endou. Molecular identification of a renal urate anion exchanger that regulates blood urate levels. Nature 417 447-452 (2002). 

The urate-anion exchanger system in brush border membrane vesicle, which mediates hydroxyl ion gradient-dependent urate uptake, is the most likely route for the mediation of urate transport in the first step of urate reabsorption in the proximal tubules. Luminal drugs which inhibit urate reabsorption are inhibiting the transport of urate by blocking the urate/anion exchanger. 

SCX column was used to separate oxalate and urate.140 In this separation, differential pulse and DC amperometric detection were compared. Differential pulse detection was found to allow better selectivity in detection. Anion exchange on Diaion CA08 was used to separate 20 carboxylic acids in the analysis of white wine, as shown in Figure 10.141 Because many carboxylic acids have a relatively weak absorbance, detection is difficult. The colorimetric detection scheme shown in the figure may be useful in some applications. 

Uchino et al. [84] cloned and characterized an apical PAH transporter isolated from human kidney, named NPTl. NPTl was first identified as a low affinity sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, later it was characterized as an organic anion transporter. In human embryonic kidney cells transfected with NPTl, PAH, urate, benzyl penicillin, faropenem, estradiol-P-glucuronide are transported, and PAH uptake can be inhibited by various organic anions. NPTl does not function as an organic anion exchanger, and thus is... 

Unwanted effects of sulfonamide-type diuretics (a) hypokalemia is a consequence of excessive 1C loss in the terminal segments of the distal tubules where increased amounts of Na are available for exchange with 1C (b) hyperglycemia and glycosuria (c) hyper-uricemia-increase in serum urate levels may precipitate gout in predisposed patients. Sulfonamide diuretics compete with urate for the tubular organic anion secretory system. 

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