Upstream process diagram

Figure 1.18 Upstream process flow diagram of a design proposal for a 3x lOm (working volume) monoclonal antibody manufacturing facility. The tanks and bag(s) at the right...

The proposed overall process flow-scheme for the treatment of very sour gases (i.e., with an acid gas content above 20%) with re-injection of the separated acid gases to a disposal reservoir incorporates a special patented H2S pre-extraction step upstream of the Activated M DEA acid gas removal process. In this upstream step [10], called SPREX, a substantial amount of the H2S and some of the CO2 are pre-removed from the wet raw gas as a pumpable liquid stream. This liquid will essentially contain by solubility all the water of saturation that comes with the inlet raw gas. It will also contain some of the incoming hydrocarbons. Figure 10.6 depicts a process flow diagram of this special pre-extraction and Activated MDEA combination process. 

Fig. 8.1. Diagram of a typical eukaryote gene that is transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Control regions upstream of the promoter are involved in the regulation of transcription. The primary transcript is processed to remove the introns. The 5 cap and 3 polyA tail are added before the mature mRNA is transported from the nucleus.

Where possible, the diagram should be arranged so that the process material flows from left to right, with upstream units on the left and downstream units on the right. 

The supply chain can be seen in this diagram as a number of processes that extend across organisational boundaries. The focal firm is embedded within the chain, and its operational processes ( inside ) must coordinate with others that are part of the same chain. Materials flow from left (upstream, or buy side ) to right (downstream, or supply side ). If everything is as orderly as it seems, then only the end-customer (to the extreme right of the chain) is free to place orders when he or she likes after that, the system takes over. 

Bearing in mind the general requirements, the next stage in designing a system is to produce a functional or block flow diagram of the process. This will usually also take into account not only the chromatography step but also the upstream and downstream requirements of the process. This identifies the number and volumes of solvents, sample, and fractions, together with column size. 

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