Upper-layer photograph

Upper-layer photographs are usually recorded in equi-inclination geometry (i.e.fi-— v, see equations (A1.8) and (A1.9)). The X-ray beam direction is made coincident with the generator of the cone of the dif-... 

The resulting upper-layer photograph has outer radius... 

Figure 4. TEM images with size distribution histograms as insets of CdSe nanoparticles of average diameters of (a) 2.5 nm and (b) 4.5 nm solubilized in perfluorohexane. The insets in parts a and b show photographs of CdSe nanoparticles in toluene (upper layer) and the fluorous medium (lower layer). UV—vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra of CdSe nanoparticles of average diameters of (c) 2.5 nm and (d) 4.5 nm in perfluorohexane. The inset in part d shows the PL emission spectra of the 4.5 nm CdSe nanoparticles in toluene and perfluorohexane.

Fig. 10. In the lower part of this cell with parallel walls (double diffusion), on the photograph of which white dashes indicate the interfaces between the adjacent layers, two antisera (anti-Aa3 and anti-xg) were reacting with the same antigen solution nonimmunized rabbit serum in the upper layer. Each antiserum alone does not precipitate with the antigen solution, but a mixture of them, which is produced by diffusion above their interface, does. For further explanation see text.

In the upper-layer precession photograph the film is advanced towards the crystal by a distance D and the screen is placed at a distance... 

Fig. 11.15 Vertical section of a Co-rich Mn crust from the flanks of a guyot on the Ogasawara Plateau N.W. Pacific (25°18.9 N, 143°54.8 E 1515 m) collected by dredge during a cruise of the GSJ with R.V. Hakurei-maru in 1986. The substrate (not clearly seen) is phosphatized limestone. The crust is more than 20 cm across, about 10 cm thick and has a knobby surface texture. Element contents are Mn 21.7%, Fe 18.9%, Co 0.81%, Ni 0.31%, Cu 0.04%, Pb 0.26% and Pt 0.29 ppm. The upper layer of the crust displays the highest Co content and the bottom layer the highest Pt (0.78 ppm). 6Mn02 is the principal mineral present with minor quartz and plagioclase. Photograph courtesy of A. Usui, GSJ.

Figure 5.21 TEM images of poly(w-butyl methacrylate)-grafted MWCNTs with azido groups (MWCNT-Az-PnBMA) (a), MWCNTs grafted with both poly( -butyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene glycol) brushes (MWNT-PnBMA-PEG) (b, c). (d) Cartoon for the local phase separation and assembly of amphiphilic polymer brushes into Janus polymer structures on CNTs as shown in (c) (marked by arrows), (e) Photograph of MWCNT-PnBMA-PEG dispersed in a mixed solvent of water (upper layer) and chloroform (bottom layer). Reprint with permission from Zhang et al...

As mentioned, a laminar boundary layer separates a greater distance from the surface of a curved body than a turbulent one. The laminar boundary layer in the upper photograph of Figure 5 is shown separating from the crest... 

Fig. 8.9. Stress fields at the end of a trench etched in a 15f

Fig. 21. Series of field emission patterns as oxygen is adsorbed on a tungsten crystal at a pressure of 3.0 X 10 mm. On each photograph the upper numbers give the time and temperature of treatment the lower numbers give the applied voltage, the field emission current, and the exposure time. The upper three pictures show the rapid adsorption of the first layer the lower three show the slower adsorption of the second layer.

If a triclinic crystal is rotated round any axis of the real cell (Fig. 93), the photograph exhibits layer lines (since the various levels of the reciprocal lattice are normal to the axis of rotation), but not row lines, since none of the points on upper or lower levels are at the same distance from the axis of rotation as corresponding points on the zero level. The indices for points on the zero level are found in the same way as for photographs of monoclinic crystals rotated round the 6 axis for the zero level of a triclinic crystal rotated round c, a net with elements a, 6, and y is constructed (Fig. 94), and distances of points from the origin are measured. The other levels, projected on to the equator, are displaced with regard to the zero level in a direction which does not lie along an equatorial reciprocal axis the simplest way of measuring values is, as before, to use the zero level network,... 

The coordinates of reciprocal lattice points corresponding to spots on the upper and lower layers of the same photograph can also be determined directly. For these layers it can be shown (Bunn, Peiser, and Turner-d ones, 1944) that if z is the distance of a layer from the equa-... 

Fig. 10 (a) Layout of an integrated SPE-CE multilayer system consisting of a small piece of nanoporous membrane sandwiched between the upper (continuous line from R1 to R2 R stands for Reservoir) and lower (broken line from R3 to R4) PDMS layers, (b) Photograph of the multilayer system, (c) Micrograph and (d) diagram of the packed p-SPE column between two shallow weirs. Reproduced from [126]... 

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