St. Andrews University

S. Bayne, Department of Biochemistry, The United College of St. Salvator and St. Leonard, The University, St. Andrews, Scotland... 

School of Chemistry, St. Andrews University, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, UK Department of Pharmacology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DDl 9SY, UK... 

Structural drawings of carbohydrates of this type are called Haworth formulas, after the British chemist Sir Walter Norman Haworth (St Andrew s University and the University of Birmingham) Early m his career Haworth contributed to the discovery that carbohydrates exist as cyclic hemiacetals rather than m open chain forms Later he col laborated on an efficient synthesis of vitamin C from carbohydrate precursors This was the first chemical synthesis of a vitamin and provided an inexpensive route to its prepa ration on a commercial scale Haworth was a corecipient of the Nobel Prize for chem istry m 1937... 

W. E. Cowley, G. Thwaite, G. Waine, The Selective Recovery Of Sodium From Mmalgam Using fd-Mlumina, Associated Octel Co. Ltd. 1978, presented at the Second International Meeting of Solid Electrolytes, University of St. Andrews, Scotiand. 

School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KYI6 9ST, United Kingdom... 

Professor D Auria (Basilicata University) summarizes the photochemical isomerization of pentaatomic heterocycles, providing a unified description in terms of the five conceivable mechanisms. R. Alan Aitken and Andrew W. Thomas of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, summarize the substantial recent progress in heterocyclic acyl and formyl anion equivalents. 

Prof D. J. Cole-Hamilton EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews, KYI 6 9ST United Kingdom... 

The assistance of Prof. David O Hagan and Dr. Tomas Lebl of the University of St. Andrews, UK in providing this spectrum of meso-1,2-difluoro-1,2-diphenylethane is very much appreciated. 

University of St Andrews EaStCHEM School of Chemistry St Andrews Fife, KY16 9 ST UK... 

R. Alan Aitken and Lynn A. Power University of St. Andrews, UK (e-mail raa st-and.ac.uk)... 

David Cole-Hamilton, University of St Andrews, Scotland Istvan Horvath, Eotvos Lorand University, Hungary Kyoko Nozaki, University of Tokyo, Japan Robert Waymouth, Stanford University, U.S.A. 

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