Universe fine-tuning

Shermer, M. (2003). Is the universe fine-tuned for life Set Amer, Jan, 23. 

Barrow, J.D., Freeland, S.J., Harper, C.L. and Morris, S.C. (eds.) (2006). Fitness of the Cosmos for life Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning (promoted by Templeton Foundation). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, to be published, (promoted by Templeton Foundation)... 

Creating a perspective for comparing. In Proceedings of the J. Templeton Foundation Biochemistry and Fine-tuning , Harvard University, October 10-12, 2003. 

Ibid., 305. There is some controversy regarding just how fine tuned these nuclear resonances really are. For example, see Steven Weinberg, ADesigner Universe The New York Review of Books, XLVI, p. 46, October 21, 1999. Also see, Livio, M., D. Holwell, A. Weiss, and J. Truran, On the Anthropic Significance of the Energy of the 0+ Excited State of 12C at 7.644 MeV, Nature, July 27, 340(6231) 281,1989. See also, Pickover, Clifford The Stars of Heaven (New York Oxford University Press, 2001). 

These methodical disadvantages of the multistep approach, however, could be compensated for by careful adaptation of the method. The broad number of successful implementations of the very adjustable Universal-IPCR protocol underlines the potential of the method (see Table 1). The quality of the antibodies and the amount of optimization invested in specifically fine-tuning experimental conditions such as reagent concentrations are mainly important for the efficiency of the Universal-IPCR in each new application. 

In summary, the simple and flexible Universal-IPCR, with or without nonfunctionalized primary antibody, is well suited for a proof of principle of the general feasibility of the IPCR for a given problem in clinical laboratory applications, as successfully shown in several examples. It allows for an easy access to ultrasensitive research studies—if the necessary time and expertise for some fine-tuning of assay conditions is available. Under these conditions, a typical 1000- to 10,000-fold improvement of ELISA sensitivity is accessible in the research laboratory (see Table 1). 

Walphos (138), developed by Sturm at the University of Vienna and optimized at Solvias, is derived from the Ugi amine 54.174175 Walphos can be electronically fine-tuned as various phosphine groups are introduced in separate steps of the synthesis. Walphos catalysts have been used to reduce enamide esters to a-amino esters, P-keto esters, a,P-unsaturated carboxylic acids, and itaconate esters with enantioselectivities >90%.176... 

Yes. We exist because of cosmic coincidences, or more accurately, we exist because the seemingly finely tuned numerical constants permit life. Some people who believe in the anthropic principle believe these numbers to be near miracles that possibly suggest an intelligent design to the Universe. 5... 

Barnes LA. The Fine-Tuning of the Universe for Intelligent Life. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 2012 29 529-564. DOI 10.1071/AS12015... 

Stenger VJ. The Fallacy of Fine-Tuning Why the Universe Is Not Designed for Us (Kindle Edition). Amherst, N. Y. Prometheus Books 2011. 

Fitness of the Cosmos for Life Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning, ed. J. D. Barrow et al. Published by Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press 2007. 

My contribution to this volume is that of a theologian interested in the relationship between science and religion. I will be asking whether what we are calling fitness for life and biochemical fine-tuning are consistent with, and perhaps even supportive of, the ageless religious convictions that the universe is here for a reason and that life is the intended consequence of divine love, wisdom, and creative power. 

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