Universal antidote

Guardian Angels , rapid detoxification, molecular machine countermeasures (vims model), less explosive fuels, universal antidote (for antiviral, antibacterial, and chemical toxins), standards for testing to known capabilities, constraction issues, preclinical diagnosis Global energy security... 

Acute belladonna poisoning can be treated by administering universal antidote before gastric lavage, physostigmine in the dose of 1-A mg SC can be administered after a interval... 

Universal antidotes These antidotes can be given in all such conditions where nature of poison is not known or where more than one poison is suspected to be taken e.g. charcoal as adsorbent of toxins and alkaloids, tannic acid for precipitating alkaloids, glycoside and many metals. 

Adsorption of poisons/toxins The universal antidote for use in reducing the effects of poisoning by the oral route is composed of activated charcoal, magnesium... 

Charcoal is produced by the incomplete combustion of plant or animal products. The major use of charcoal is for outdoor cooking. The second largest use of charcoal is in industrial applications in the form of activated charcoal. The activation process involves heating the charcoal subjecting it to steam or treating with a chemical to both remove substances that have adhered to it as well as break it down into finer particles and thus increase the surface area. Activated carbon has been used for its adsorptive properties as a universal antidote in cases of poisonings, as a filter aid agent, and in decolorization processes. 

Rulers lived in fear of poison, and Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus from 120 to 63 bc, spent years searching for a universal antidote to all poisons he has been called the first experimental toxicologist. After investigating individual venoms, poisons, and antidotes, he combined all of the effective substances into one antidote, which he took daily to obtain, reportedly successfully, immunity to poison. His formula, called Mithridatium, survived in various forms until the nineteenth century. A variant derived from poisonous reptiles became known as theriac, and was equally long-lived in European pharmacopoeias. 

Activated charcoal must be distinguished from the so-called universal antidote, which consists of two parts burned toast (not activated charcoal), one part tannic acid (strong tea), and one part magnesium oxide. In practice, the universal antidote is ineffective. 

Because of the complexily of metabolic processes in which the toxic substance is involved in the body, it is unlikely that a simple relationship between the chemical structure of the substance and clinical efficiency of the activated carbon can be found, but the clinical evidence that removal of such a large number of substances is accelerated by AC suggests that it can be used as an almost universal antidote, particularly if the nature of the poison is unknown. And even if it is known, contrary to the common belief there are very few specific antidotes that are efficient in neutralising particular substances and the use of AC will be still beneficial in reducing bioavailabilily of the toxic species [21 ]. 

Oney, S. et al. Development of universal antidotes to control aptamer activity. Nature Medicine 15, 1224-U157,2009. 

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