Ultrasound spectroscopy

Pd4oCu4oP2o, Pd5oCu3oP2o, and Pd6oCu2oP20 alloys were measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). In this technique, the spectrum of mechanical resonances for a parallelepiped sample is measured and compared with a theoretical spectrum calculated for a given set of elastic constants. The true set of elastic constants is calculated by a recursive regression method that matches the two spectra [28,29]. 

Mechanical and viscoelastic behaviour of materials can be determined by different kind of instrumental techniques. Broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy (BVS) and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) are more commonly used to test viscoelastic behavior because they can be used above and below room temperatures and are more specific to testing viscoelasticity. These two instruments employ a damping mechanism at various frequencies and time ranges with no appeal to time-temperature superposition. Using BVS and RUS to study the mechanical properties of materials is important to understanding how a material exhibiting viscoelasticity will perform. 

The isotropic moduli, particularly the initial bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, are key ingredients in specifying the mechanical equation of state. As noted above, determination of these properties from experimental hydrostatic compression data is difficult due to issues with acquisition of high precision at low pressures and particular sensitivity in the choice of equation of state fitting form to data below about one GPa. Alternative routes to this information at low pressures included impulsive stimulated light scattering (ISLS) and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS), which can in principle provide the complete elastic tensor (ISLS) and isotropic bulk and shear moduli (RUS). 

Povey, M.J.W. 2001. Ultrasound spectroscopy the power to transform manufacturing, diagnostics and formulation, Pharmaceutical Visions 1, 24-28. 

A. Migliori, J.L. Sarrao, Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York, 1997. 

The thermoelastic behavior of micas was also studied by dynamic methods, namely shock wave compression (Sekine et al. 1991), or by techniques involving resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (Aleksandrov and Ryzhova 1961) or by Brillouin spectrometry (Vaughan and Guggenheim 1986). 

Recently, Kinney etal. [2004] used the technique of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) tomeasure the elastic constants (Qj) of human dentin from both wet and dry samples. As (%) and Ac (%) calculated from these data are included in both Table 47.5 and Figure 47.4. Their data showed that the samples exhibited transverse isotropic symmetry. However, the Qj for dry dentin implied even higher symmetry. Indeed, the result of using the average value for Q i and Cu = 36.6 GPa and the value for C44 = 14.7 GPa for dry dentin in the calculations suggests that dry human dentin is very nearly elastically isotropic. This isotropic-lifce behavior of the dry dentin may have clinical significance. There is independent experimental evidence to support this calculation of isotropy based on the ultrasonic data. Small angle x-ray diffraction... 

Kinney J.H., Gladden J.R., Marshall G.W., Marshall S.J., So J.H., and Maynard J.D. 2004. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy measurements of the elastic constants of human dentin. /. Biomech. 37 ... 

The room-temperature elastic constants of single crystals with the stoichiometry B5 fiC synthesized by the optical floating zone method have been measured using a resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique [531]. The single crystal elastic constants indicate the strong anisotropy of the structure Cn = 542.81, Cg3 = 534.54, Ci3 = 63.51, C12 = 130.59, and 44= 164.79GPa, respectively. 

XSC X-ray single crystal diffraction (ADPs), XPD X-ray powder diffraction (ADPs), NSC neutron single crystal diffraction (ADPs), NPD neutron powder diffraction (ADPs), Cp heat capacity data, TC thermal conductivity data, INS inelastic neutron scattering, NIS nuclear inelastic scattering, MOE MoBbauer spectroscopy, MA microwave absorption spectroscopy, EXAFS extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, RA Raman spectroscopy, FTE fits to thermal expansion data, ElRes fit to electrical resistivity data, RUS resonant ultrasound spectroscopy... 

Delaunay T, Le Clezio E, Gueimou M, Datmnak H, Mai Pham Thi, Feuillard G (2008) Full tenso-rial characterization of PZN-12%PT single crystal by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. IEEE Trans UFFC 55, 2 476 88... 

The analytical power of ultrasound spectroscopy was recently illustrated [905]. For ultrasound imaging, cfr. refs. [906,907]. Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) is a new SPM technique that enables measurement of qualitative and quantitative local elastic properties of different materials and is awaiting application. 

Maynard, J. D. (1996). Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Phys. Today 40. 

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