Ultrasound-assisted electrospray formation

The evolution of the ESI source has been marked by the use of electrospray devices as interfaces between the separation systems such as HPLC or CE and MS detectors, the earliest instances of which were reported by Yamashita and Fenn [59] and Aleksandrov et al. [60] in the mid-1980s. Because ESI-MS is used in many areas of chemistry, a vast number of articles reporting specific modifications of the electrospray interface has been published so far. Also, instrument manufacturers have provided innovative solutions for more sensitive and reliable mass spectrometers. 

The widespread acceptance of ultrasonic-assisted electrospray formation has promoted the commercial production of a device of this type by Anal rtica of Branford, Inc. However, most applications of US-assisted electrospray formation are based on custom-made designs. 

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For the last several years, mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) have determined the trends in the analysis of dyes. Since 1987, various variants of ESI have been used in which droplet formation was assisted by compressed air,[1,2] temperature (e.g. Turbo Ion Spray ) or ultrasound, and they were able to handle flow rates up to 1 2 ml min This made a combination of analytical RPLC and ESI easily and widely used. The reason why it often was (and is) used instead of a traditional UV-Vis detector is the better sensitivity and selectivity of MS in comparison with spectrophotometric detection. Apart from these advantages, MS offers easily interpretable structural information. However, various... 

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