Ultrasonic treatment time

Figure 4 illustrates the influence of a polymer concentration on the stability of aqueous dispersions of pigment Ti02 (ultrasonic treatment time - 2 min). It is seen from the figure that with increasing the concentration of EHEC, sedimentation stability of dispersions increases. 

Table 7.1 z-Average hydrodynamic particle diameter, different kinds of CNTs as a function of the ultrasonic treatment time. 

Ultrasonic treatment time (min) z-Average hydrodynamic particle diameter dh,z ave (DLS) (nm)... 

Krause B, Mende M, Potschke P and Petzold G (2010) Dispersability and particle size distribution of CNTs in an aqueous surfactant dispersion as a function of ultrasonic treatment time. Carbon 48 2746-2754. 

Bondeson et al. optimized the extraction process of NCC from MCC by varying the concentration of MCC and sulfuric acid, hydrolysis time, temperature, and ultrasonic treatment time [9]. It was found that an acid concentration of 63.5% (w/w) sulfuric acid can be used to produce cellulose whiskers of 200-400 nm length and 10 nm in diameter with 30% yield. Low yield of cellulose nanowhiskers has been attributed to the disintegration of amorphous cellulose and degradation of crystalline region during acid hydrolysis. 

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