Ultrasonic probes horn design

Two major sources of ultrasound are employed, namely ultrasonic baths and ultrasonic immersion horn probes [70, 71]. The former consists of fixed-frequency transducers beneath the exterior of the bath unit filled with water in which the electrochemical cell is then fixed. Alternatively, the metal bath is coated and directly employed as electrochemical cell, but in both cases the results strongly depend on the position and design of the set-up. The ultrasonic hom transducer, on the other hand, is a transducer provided with an electrically conducting tip (often Ti6A14V), which is immersed in a three-electrode thermostatted cell to a depth of 1-2 cm directly facing the electrode surface. 

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