U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

J. P. Stone and co-workers. High Temperature Properties of Sodium, NRE Report 6241, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Defense Documentation Center, AD 622191, Washiagton, D.C., Sept. 24,1965. 

Martin L. Gorbaty Exxon Research and Engineering Co. C. M. Roland U.S. Naval Research Laboratory... 

There are two approaches to the solution of the phase problem that have remained in favor. The first is based on the tremendously important discovery or Patterson in the 1930s ihal the Fourier summation of Eq. 3. with (he experimentally known quantities F2 (htl> replacing F(hkl) leads nol to a map of scattering density, but to a map of all interatomic vectors. The second approach involves the use of so-called direct methods developed principally by Karie and Hauptman of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and which led to the award of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Building upon earlier proposals that (he relative intensities of the spots in a diffraction pattern contain information about a crystal phase. Hauptman and Karie developed a mathematical means of extracting the information. A fundamental proposition of (heir direct method is that if thrice intense spots in the pattern have positions whose coordinates add up to zero, their relative phases will cancel out. Compulations done with many triads of spots yield probable phases for a significant number of diffracted waves and further mathematical analysis leads lo a likely solution for the structure of the molecule as a whole. 

W. R. Barger, Hank Wohltjen, Arthur W. Snow, John Lint2, and Neldon L. Jarvis3 Chemistry Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5000... 

D. Nagel, J. Radiation Phys. Chem. 1998. A review of low-energy nuclear reactions by a division chief of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. 

J. K. Hancock and W. H. Green, U.S. Naval Research Laboratories (private communication). 

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