Types of Genetic Alterations

Eour types of 01 are distinguished clinically and differ In the types of genetic alterations that cause them as well as severity the most severe form is type II, which is frequently lethal soon afterbirth. 

Four major types of genetic alterations that affect growth-controlling genes have been identified in neoplastic cells and are the basis of human cancers. 

Drosophila. The use of drosophila (fruit flies) for mutagen studies has several advantages. Few higher organisms can be reared in large numbers as easily and economically as can drosophila.34,35 Thus, one can study many types of genetic alterations dominant lethals, point mutations,... 

The problems and techniques discussed in this section apply to all types of genetic alterations to be induced, from simple point mutations to cytoplasmic mutagenesis as well as to mitotic recombination. 

Munakata-Marr J, PL McCarty, MS Shields, M Reagin, CS Francesconi (1996) Enhancement of trichloroethylene degradation in aquifer microcosms bioaugmented with wild-type and genetically altered Burk-holderia Pseudomonas cepacia G4 and PRl. Environ Sci Technol 30 2045-2052. 

CMT diseases are the most frequent hereditary sensory-motor neuropathies. They are distinguished from other types of genetic neuropathies, either purely motor, mainly distal and dysautonomous neuropathies which mainly alter sensory and sympathetic fibers of the peripheral nerves. We only deal here with CMT diseases and among the many genetic causes, those that give rise to primary demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). 

Cultured embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are capable of giving rise to many kinds of differentiated cell types. They are useful in production of genetically altered mice and offer potential for therapeutic uses. 

Table 6.9. Types of genetic mutations in hereditary diseases. Mutations are listed by ease of detection from compliant to refractory. Piacticality, the relative ease of detecting a given mutation type will depend on the specific genetic alterations present and the detection methods used [Refs in 355].

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