Two phase example

The general influence of a compatibilizer on the crystallization behavior of an immiscible polymer blend system is stiU far from being well understood. However, abstract can be made between two main classes. A first class consists of compatibilizers that form a kind of immiscible interlayer between the two phases. Examples are given by Holsti-Miettinen et al. [1992], and... 

The hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity balance of the counter-ion present or added affects the affinity of the compound of interest to the two phases. Examples for such general statements can be provided by partition into a solvent of low polarity and low solvating ability, such as chloroform. When Bu N is the counter-ion, the order of the extractability of aromatic anions is phenoIateamines with one long chain R, RNMe Hj follows the sequence quaternary (n = 3) < primary (n = 0) < secondary (n = 1) < tertiary ( = 2). When a solvent with much better donor properties than chloroform is used, such as methyl isobutyl ketone, tertiary amines are no longer extracted preferentially as reported by Marcus [52]. 

Figure 1 Schematic examples of multiphase systems in which a discrete dispersed phase is moving through, or moved by, a continuous fluid phase. The discrete phase can be a solid (left), a gas (center), or a liquid (right). In many cases, inhomogeneous mesoscale structures appear in the spatial distribution of the discrete phase, caused by interplay of hydrodynamic flow and local energy dissipation. More complicated cases with three or more phases are also possible, such as encountered in slurry reactors (where solid particles are also present in the continuous liquid phase) or trickle bed reactors (where the droplets are sprayed on a packed bed of particles). To focus on the essentials, the topical sections will focus mostly on the two-phase examples depicted here.

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