Turro studies

Similar data were reported by Turro et al., [62,63] who synthesized a copolymer of AA with 1.5 mol% of 2-[4-(l-pyrene)butanoyl]aminopropenoic acid, 19 and studied the fluorescence quenching with Tl +, Cu2+, and 1 ions in aqueous solution. 

The surface morphologies of PAMAM dendrimers have been studied extensively by Turro and co-workers [16-23]. As shown in Scheme 4, one approach was to study the adsorption of organic dye molecules and metal complexes on the dendrimer surface by UY-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy another approach took advantages of electron transfer processes between two adsorbed species on a single dendrimer surface or between the adsorbed species on a dendrimer surface and other species in aqueous solution. 

Chandar, P., P. Somasundaran, and N. J. Turro (1987), "Fluorescence Probe Studies on the Structure of the Adsorbed Layer of Dodecyl Sulfate at the Alumine Water Interface", J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 117, 31-46. 

Maliakal AJ, Turro NJ, Bosman AW, Cornel J, Meijer EW. Relaxivity studies on dinitroxide and polynitroxyl functionalized dendrimers effect of electron exchange and structure on paramagnetic relaxation enhancement. J Phys Chem A 2003 107 8467-8475. 

R. A. Moss and N. J. Turro, Laser Flash Photolysis Studies of Arylhalocarbenes, in Kinetics and Spectroscopy of Carbenes and Biradicals, M. S. Platz, Ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1990, p. 213. 

Other systems for which the results cannot be explained by energy transfer include the ketone sensitized isomerization of / -methylstyrene, 1,2-dichloro-ethylene and 2-butene studied by Caldwell,147,148 deuterium exchange between acetone-d8 and tetramethylethylene reported by Japar, Pomerantz, and Abrahamson,149 and the acetone sensitized isomerization of 1-methoxy-l-butene examined by Turro and Wriede.71... 

Photolysis of oe-chloro-o-methylacetophenones yields 1-indanones. The mechanism has been studied by laser flash photolysis (Netto-Ferreira, J. C. Scaiano, J. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 5800). Develop a Dauben-Salem-Turro state correlation diagram for the photochemical step and, on the basis of your diagram, discuss the efficiency of the reaction on the singlet and triplet manifold. Do the experimental results agree with your analysis ... 

There have been a number of studies of magnetic fields upon radical recombination using steady-state techniques of photolysis or pyrolysis. They have variously found large or small effects, which are not always consistent with the theoretical predictions [304—306]. However, using laser flash photolysis techniques to provide fast time resolution, Turro et al. [307] followed the combination of benzyl radicals within hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride micelles in water. The combination occurs over times < 100 ns. A magnetic field of 0.04 T reduces the rate of recombination by almost a factor of two. Such a magnetic field... 

These are well understood reactions that have been studied extensively in liquid solutions (Turro, 1978 Small and Scaiano, 1978), micelles (Scaiano et al., 1982 Jacques et al., 1986), and high pressure liquids (Okamoto and Teranishi, 1986 Okamoto, 1990). 

The results reported here and in earlier publications in this series suggest that cavity size and limitations to molecular motion play a dominant role in the photochemistry and photophysics of alkyl aryl ketones included in zeolites. In the case of Silicalite the size and polarity of various substituted 8-phenylpropiophenones seem to determine the efficiency of inclusion and ultimately of luminescence. The same factors, relating to size and mobility can be expected to play an important role in the use of zeolites as catalysts for other reactions, whether these are photochemical or thermal processes. In this sense studies with 8-phenylpropiophenones may lead to considerable information on adsorption sites and on the freedom (or lack of it) of molecular motion as well as on the accessibility of these sites to other reactants. Recent work from Turro s laboratory has shown that pyrene aldehyde can be used to probe the nature of inclusion sites in various zeolites (27) dibenzyl-ketones were also used as probes on porous silica (28). 

Few reliable procedures are available for estimating O even among a closely related group of compounds, because its value depends on competition among several activation and deactivation steps for excited state species, only a few of which are known with any certainty for a few well-studied compounds (Turro, 1967). Mill and Mabey (1985) and Mill (1995) list O values for several types of photoreactions in aerated water. Calvert and Pitts (1967) present extensive compilations of O values for many photoreactions, but only a few of these measurements were conducted in the presence of air with light >300 nm. Absence... 

Chandar, P., Somasundaran, P., and Turro, N.J. (1987). Fluorescence probe studies on the structure of the adsorbed layer of dodecyl sulfate at the alumina-water interface. J. 

Aluminum, as a constituent of soil, weathered rock, and solid waste from industrial processes, is transported through the atmosphere as windblown particulate matter and is deposited onto land and water by wet and dry deposition. Atmospheric loading rates of aluminum to Lake Michigan were estimated at 5 million kg/year (Eisenreich 1980). In this study, most of the aluminum was generally associated with large particles that were deposited near their source. In a recent study, the wet and dry deposition of aluminum was measured biweekly for one year at two sites on Massachusetts Bay, Turro and Nahant. 

The effect of zeolites on the photochemical reaction pathway of organic molecules has been studied recently. Turro et al. (40, 41) have shown that the photochemistry of methyl benzyl ketones (ACOB) in the presence of pentasil zeolites follows a different pathway depending on the location of adsorbed ketones. Figure 5 illustrates the photochemical reaction pathways in the gas phase and on ZSM-5. Para-ACOB is readily adsorbed by the pentasil framework, so that the radicals formed upon... 

Dioxetanes have been the sole subject of several specialized reviews in recent years (Bartlett and Landis, 1979 Horn et al., 1978-79 Adam, 1977 T. Wilson, 1976 Turro et al., 1974a Mumford, 1975). These articles cover with depth which is not possible here such topics as (1) preparation, (2) physical and spectroscopic characterization, (3) experimental techniques, especially for the study of chemiluminescence, (4) mechanisms of decomposition and chemiexcitation, (5) ground state transformations, and (6) reactions involving dioxetanes as postulated intermediates. The interested reader is referred to these articles for details on these specialized topics, and for some interesting historical perspectives. 

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