Plume turbulent

Shankar, V., Davidson, L., Olsson, F3. Numerical investigation of turbulent plumes in both ambient and stratified surroundings, Indoor Air, vol. 5, pp. 136-146, 1995. 

Gr = Y fr (5) poxTo s /sf -3 x Expect turbulent plumes for Gr > 109, especially with atmospheric disturbances. 

The measurements of Rouse, Yih and Humphries (1952) [1] helped to generalize the temperature and velocity relationships for turbulent plumes from small sources, and established the Gaussian profile approximation as adequate descriptions for normalized vertical velocity (w) and temperature (7), e.g. 

Webster, D. R., S. Rahman, and L. P. Dasi. Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of a turbulent plume. J. Engng. Mech. 129, 1130-1137 (2003). 

Crimaldi, J. P. and J. R. Koseff. High resolution measurements of the spatial and temporal scalar structure of a turbulent plume. Exp. Fluids 31, 90-102 (2001). 

Mead, K. S., M. B. Wiley, M. A. R. Koehl, and J. R. Koseff. Fine-scale patterns of odor encounter by the antennules of mantis shrimp tracking turbulent plumes in wave-affected and unidirectional flow. J. Exp. Biol. 206, 181-193 (2003). 

Most complete is the recently published work by Shwab [2] which was carried out in Leningrad as early as 1940. In it the turbulent plume of a flame is analyzed in detail for both the case when a pure combustible gas is supplied and for the case of a gas mixed with an insufficient amount of air, which we do not consider. Shwab finds the relations between the concentration fields of the gas, oxygen, and combustion products and of temperature, and the gas velocity field, also not considered by us. A number of the results obtained by Shwab (in particular, the constancy of the concentration of the combustion products and temperature) on the flame surface are reproduced in our article for the sake of completeness. 

Sykes, R.L and Gabruk, R.S., 1997. A second-order closure model for the effect of averaging time on turbulent plume dispersion, J. Appl. Meteorol., 36, pp. 1038-1045. 

An aerosol issuing from a point source is dispersed in a steady turbulent plume in the atmosphere. Derive an expression for the variation of the extinction coeflicieni, h (Chapter 5), with position in the plume assuming that (a) the only mechanism affecting the light-scattering portion of the size distribution is turbulent diffusion and (b) the only mechanisms are turbulent diffusion and growth. 

The dynamics of turbulent plumes relevant to most crustaceans are complicated by the fact that many are produced in boundary layer flows. A crustacean moving across the substratum does so in a velocity gradient characterized by no motion of fluid in contact with the substratum and a nominal or ffee-stream velocity at some distance away. The region in between is characterized by a roughly logarithmic velocity profile that comprises approximately 30% of the water depth (Schlichting 1987). 

Taken together, research presented in this chapter has made clear that (1) the physical environment can promote or retard distance chemical signaling by affecting the structure of turbulent plumes (2) organisms have developed strategies to obtain information, but these strategies do not work equally well under all conditions ... 

In both waves and unidirectional currents, the spatial distribution of odor filaments and odor-free water in a turbulent plume changes with distance from the source of the chemical signal (details reviewed in Koehl 2006 see also Weissburg, Chap. 4). For example, in a plume near the odor source the concentration gradients at the edges of odor filaments are steeper, the concentrations are generally higher,... 

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