Turbo spin-echo imaging

Fig. 6.2.9 [Mor2] Imaging with CPMG echoes, (a) Pulse sequence and A-space trajectories for relaxometric imaging, (b) The RARE sequence for rapid imaging. This sequence is also referred to as turbo spin-echo imaging.

Fig. 9.2a-f. A 55-year-old female patient with hepatic metastases from breast cancer. The coronal (a) and axial (c) view of the fused PET-CT demonstrate only very few liver lesions with a high FDG-uptake. The contrast enhanced CT image (b) delineates some more hypodense liver lesions, which are apparently too small for the detection of an increased tumor metabolism. However, the Tlw 3D-GRE with nearly isotropic resolution and gadolinium enhancement (d), as well as the T2w fat-saturated turbo spin-echo image (e) and the coronal STIR image (f) detect more metastases then PET-CT. Therefore, MRT with dedicated sequences is superior to PET-CT in the detection of smaller liver metastases. Especially in PET-negative tumors this is of special interest... 

Figure 7. Coronal half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo MR image (10.9/87 flip angle, 180°) in a 73-year-old woman shows the predominance of the high-signal-intensity microcysts in the cortical regions.

Yamashita Y, Tang Y, Abe Y, Mitsuzaki K, Takahashi M (1998) Comparison of ultrafast half-Fourier singleshot turbo spin-echo sequence with turbo spin-echo sequences for T2-weighted imaging of the female pelvis. J Magn Reson Imaging 8 1207-1212... 

In patients with locally advanced or recurrent cervical cancer, it is often necessary to exclude ureteral obstruction, which can be done on transverse T2-weighted images that also serve to assess the paraaortic lymph nodes. In addition, coronal T2-weighted turbo-spin echo (TSE) sequences enable excellent evaluation for possible urinary retention and require little extra time to acquire. In addition, contrast-enhanced MR urography can be performed to exclude tumor-induced hydronephrosis. 

Typically, 3D FT volume studies have been conducted with gradient echo sequences that could offer short acquisition time due to their short repetition time. Currently, 3D fast or turbo spin echo sequences can be applied clinically, and they offer pure T2-weighted volumetric images without susceptibility artifacts. Although fast or turbo spin echo sequences utilize... 

Turbo spin-echo/fast spin-echo (TSE/FSE) is the well accepted sequence for obtaining breath-hold T2-weighted images (Kanematsu et al. 1999). The TSE/FSE technique shows a tissue contrast similar to that of conventional T2-weighted SE images, but... 

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