Tunneling electron microscopy aggregation

Unlike electron and scanning tunneling microscopy, the use of fluorescent dyes in monolayers at the air-water interface allows the use of contrast imaging to view the monolayer in situ during compression and expansion of the film. Under ideal circumstances, one may observe the changes in monolayer phase and the formation of specific aggregate domains as the film is compressed. This technique has been used to visualize phase changes in monolayers of chiral phospholipids (McConnell et al, 1984, 1986 Weis and McConnell, 1984 Keller et al., 1986 McConnell and Moy, 1988) and achiral fatty acids (Moore et al., 1986). 

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