Tumor necrosis factor receptor shedding

TABLE III Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Shedding by Human Fetal Astrocytes"... 

Crowe, P. D., VanArsdale, T. L., Goodwin, R. G., and Ware, C. F. (1993). Specific induction of 80-kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor shedding in T lymphocytes involves the cytoplasmic domain and phosphorylation./. Immunol. 151, 6882-6890. 

Brakebusch, C., Varfolomeev, E.E., Batkin, M., and Wallach, D. (1994). Structural requirements for inducible shedding of the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor. J. Biol Chem. 269 32488-32496. 

Porteau, F., and Nathan, C. F. (1990). Shedding of tumor necrosis factor receptors by activated human neutrophils. ]. Exp. Med. 172, 599-607. 

Taylor, D. J. (1994). Cytokine combinations increase p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor binding and stimulate receptor shedding in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 37, 232-235. 

Joyce DA, Steer JH. Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 a stimulate late shedding of p75 TNF receptors but not p55 TNF receptors from human monocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995 15 947-54. 

A key genetic study, utilizing a knock-in mutation of a dimerization-deficient mutant of GR, has shed light on the molecular basis for dissociative activity [101]. In essence, this GRdim mutant demonstrated that some of the direct gene transduction properties of GR can be reduced while other immune-modulating functions of the receptor can be retained. This concept forms one of the principles of selective modulation of GR. Importantly, many of the anti-inflammatory effects of GR are believed to be driven by the ability of the monomeric form of the receptor to interfere with NF-xB and AP-1 function, which ultimately results in reduction of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL)-l, -2, -6, -8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) TNFa [69]. 

Porteau, F., and Hieblot, C. (1994). Tumor necrosis factor induces a selective shedding of its p75 receptor from human neutrophils.. Biol. Chem. 269, 2834-2840. 

Porteu F, Brockhaus M, Wallach D, Engelmann H, Nathan CF. Human neutrophil elastase releases a hgand-binding fragment from the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. Comparison with the proteolytic activity responsible for shedding of TNF receptors from stimulated neutrophils. J Biol Chem 1991 266 18846. 

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