Tubercule formation

Gallionella 7-10 20-40 Aerobic Iron amd steel, stadnless steels Oxidizes ferrous (and manganous) to feme (and mamganic) promotes tubercule formation... 

Tuberculation occurs in aqueous solutions. Mounds form over metal surfaces providing for concentration differences, favorable environments for biological growth, and an increase in acidity leading to hydrogen formation. 

Tuberculation-the formation of localized corrosion products scattered over tlic surface in the form of knob-like tiles. 

Hanover, P., Formation et debourrement de nouveaux tubercules axillaires sur les tubercules meres de Topinambour et phenomenes accompagnant les degres de levee do dormance de ces plantes, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 251, 2267-2769, 1960. 

Dubrunfaut, M., Note sur la presence et la formation du sucre cristallisable dans les tubercules de VHelianthus tuberosus. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Paris, 6, 764—766, 1867. 

Corrosion of an iron pipe under certain conditions can also manifest itself in the formation of "pits" and "tubercules" (Fig. 7-13). The OH produced by the cathodic reaction not only may precipitate Fe(OH)2react with bicarbonate ion (alkalinity) in the water to produce carbonate ion. In the locally high pH region around the cathode, both FeCOats) and calcium carbonate may precipitate... 

Fig. 7-13. Formation of pits and tubercules in the corrosion of iron pipe.

Hoal-Van Helden EG, Epstein, Victor TC et al 1999 Mannose-binding protein B aUele confers protection against tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Res 45 459—464 Ke HZ, Qi H, Weidema AF et al 2003 Deletion of the P2X7 nucleotide receptor reveals its regulatory roles in bone formation and resorption. Mol Endocrinol 17 1356—367 Khakh BS, North RA 2006 P2X receptors as cell-surface ATP sensors in health and disease. Nature 442 527-532... 

Tuberculation The formation of locahzed corrosion products scattered over the surface in the form of knoblike mounds (tubercules). 

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