True anisotropic

Because (T in Equation (66) pertains to a hypothetical isotropic nucleus, it cannot be measured. Furthermore, true (anisotropic) solid-liquid interfacial energies are measured near the melting temperature [86], whereas what would be needed for an independent confirmation of the theory is Cf(T) in the supercooled region. Consequently, the theory of homogeneous nucleation, as it applies to supercooled liquids, has been used mainly to calculate effective interfacial tensions from measurements of nucleation rates [82,86]. In summary, the application of nucleation theory to supercooled liquids involves two major simplifications the replacement of the true, anisotropic embryo by an "equivalent" spherical object, and the ad-hoc introduction of a diffusion-like activation energy barrier to account for hindered molecular mobility in the dense supercooled liquid. It is therefore not surprising that the resulting theory has been mostly used descriptively rather than predict vely. 

This calculation, which holds true for most metals, is generally applicable to TPs. However, the designer is to be familiar with the inherently nonlinear, anisotropic nature of most plastics, particularly the fiber-reinforced and liquid crystal plastics (Chapter 6). 

The tilde over operator r here and below indicates that the operator is calculated in the EFA, as was done in [185, 186], This treatment ignores the influence of rotational transitions, caused by the anisotropic part of the interaction, on relative translational motion of colliding particles. Therefore f (.K , differs slightly from the true operator r(K . What... 

If j Rf is exactly the magic angle and infinite spinning speed is assumed, the first-order anisotropic terms are zero for both single and DQ coherence (33). This does not hold true for finite spinning speed, but a complete averaging of the first-order effect occurs at the exact rotor cycles. Therefore, the x evolution time has to match exactly a multiple of the rotor period. The second-order anisotropy refocusing occurs for... 

Movement through the body of a solid is called volume, lattice, or bulk diffusion. In a gas or liquid, bulk diffusion is usually the same in all directions and the material is described as isotropic. This is also true in amorphous or glassy solids and in cubic crystals. In all other crystals, the rate of bulk diffusion depends upon the direction taken and is anisotropic. Bulk diffusion through a perfect single crystal is dominated by point defects, with both impurity and intrinsic defect populations playing a part. 

Due to the fact that the mechanical properties of unidirectional, continuous-fiber-reinforced composites are highly anisotropic, maximum effectiveness is often achieved by making laminate composites of multiple layers. This is particularly true of carbon and Kevlar -reinforced polymers, which will be described in Section 5.4.3. 

Using planar tetrakaidecahedra as the model, on the other hand, causes the square faces to shrink to zero area at the yield point. The unit cell therefore resembles a true rhombic dodecahedron. The elastic response was found to be anisotropic (i.e. dependent on initial cell orientation) for the planar model, up to the elastic limit. This is in contrast to the monodisperse 2D case, which is... 

In almost all cases the admixture of excited states is anisotropic that is, the observed g value varies according to the orientation of the paramagnetic species in relation to the applied magnetic field (orientation-dependent). The g-factor anisotropy is characterized by three principal g values, namely, gxx, gyy, and g--. When these three values are different, the symmetry is defined as rhombic and in the case of axial symmetry, gxx = gyy gzz. In the orientation-independent (isotropic) situation the g factor is represented by a single value. This is also true if the species paramagnetic is in a solution of low viscosity (water) where the molecular tumbling causes all the g factor anisotropy to be averaged out (Knowles et al., 1976 Campbell and Dwek, 1984). 

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