Trout adaptation

Girard, J.-P. (1976). Salt excretion by the perfused head of trout adapted to sea water and its inhibition by adrenaline. Journal of Comparative Physiology 111, 77-91. 

As 5 Fed diets of 10-90 mg As/kg for 16 weeks No effect level at about 10 mg/kg diet. Some adaptation to dietary As observed in trout fed 90 mg/kg diet, as initial negative growth gave way to slow positive growth over time 9... 

Fouchereau-Peron M, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Moukhtar MS, Milhaud G. Calcitonin induces hypocalcaemia in grey mullet and immature freshwater and sea-water adapted rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol A 1987 87 1051-3. 

Fig. 10 Fractional contribution of AHR congeners to E-PCDDs and E-PCDFs concentrations in lake trout from the Great Lakes in 1984 (Table 5). Adapted from De Vault et al. [64]...

Fig. 15 Temporal trends of estimated concentrations (ngkg-1 wet weight) of 2378-TeCDD and E-TEQs in Lake Ontario lake trout eggs, 1910-2000, compared to thresholds for onset of sublethal effects, mortality, and 100% mortality of sac fry (adapted from Cook et al. [ 16]). Concentrations were estimated from sediment core concentration profiles and BSAFs...

Pituitary activity is absolutely central to osmoregulation, and hypophy-sectomy destroys the ability of fish to adapt to a change in salinity. The prolactin is synthesized in, and is secreted by, the pituitary, which also secretes adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), which, in turn, stimulates the adrenals to produce cortisol. The level of ACTH in the plasma is therefore raised when fish are in sea water (Nichols and Fleming, 1990). The pituitary also secretes growth hormone into the blood plasma in sea water (Yada and Hirano, 1992 rainbow trout) but its role is not clear in the present context. 

Tsintsadze, Z.A. (1991). Adaptational capabilities of various size-age groups of rainbow trout in relation to gradual changes of salinity. Journal of Ichthyology 31,31-38. 

Yada, T. and Hirano, T. (1992). Influence of seawater adaptation on production and growth hormone release from organ-cultured pituitary of rainbow trout. Zoological Science 9,143-148. 

Hazel, J.R. (1990). Adaptation to temperature phospholipid synthesis in hepatocytes of rainbow trout. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 27) R1495-R1501. 

Raynard, R.S. and A.R. Cossins (1991). Homeoviscous adaptation and thermal compensation of sodium pump of trout erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. 

Figure 6 PCB concentrations (wet weight, whole body) in lake trout from the Great Lakes (walleye for Lake Erie) from 1971-1992. (Data from ref. 54 adapted from ref. 22)...

Hogstrand, C., R. W. Wilson, D. Polgar, and C. M. Wood. 1994. Effects of zinc on the kinetics of branchial calcium uptake in freshwater rainbow trout during adaptation on waterborne zinc. J. Exp. Biol. 186 55-73. 

Fischer, U., K. Utke, M. Ototake, J.M. Dijkstra and B. Kollner. Adaptive cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic targets by CD8-positive lymphocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27 323-337, 2003. 

Fig. 4. Effects of effluent extracts from three pulp mills on retinoic acid (RA) binding to fish RA receptors (RARs) (adapted from Alsop et al.3). Displacement of [3H]-all-trans RA bound to rainbow trout RARs by unlabelled all-trans RA (filled circles), MeOH extract from mill 1 (open squares), dichloromethane (DCM) extract from mill 2 (open triangles), MeOH extract from mill 3 (open hexagons) and DCM extract from mill 3 (open circles).

Figure 2.11 Plot showing the influence of the presence and absence of heterotropic ligands for various hemoglobins, n, as defined in Figure 2.4, plotted as a function of the midpoint potential for 7, Hb Aq in 0.05 M MOPS, 0.2 M NaNOs, and 0.25-0.6 mM IHP (in excess over [heme] which varied from 0.1 to 0.23 mM) 2, Hb Aq in 0.05 M MOPS, 0.2 M NaNOs 5, Trout I Hb in 0.05 M MOPS, 0.2 M NaN03 4, Hb Aq in 0.2 M MOPS 5, Hb Tq in 0.05 M MOPS 6, HbCPA in 0.05 M MOPS, 0.2 M NaNOs, and 0.25-0.6mM IHP (in excess over [heme]) 7, HbCPA in 0.05 M MOPS, 0.2 M NaNOs 5, HbCPA in 0.2 M MOPS 9, hMb in 0.05 M MOPS, 0.2 M NaN03. Additional conditions Pt mesh electrode [Ru(NH3)6Cl3] = 0.30-1.1 mM [heme] = 0.1-0.23 mM pH 7 20 °C. HbCPA is carboxypep-tidase digested Hb. Figure adapted from ref 26 and used with permission.

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