Troubleshooting feeding system

Hollow fiber modules, or permeators, are precisely machined units containing bundles of hollow fine fibers positioned parallel to and around a perforated center feed-water tube, with only one or two bundles per pressure vessel. They are widely used for brackish and seawater applications. Hollow fiber modules exhibit a low flux rate (permeate flow per unit membrane per unit time) and can foul easily but tend to have high conversion factors (the percentage of feed flow converted to permeate), typically 50 to 55%. This makes them suitable for both small and large RO systems. They are easy to troubleshoot, and bundles are easy to change in the field. 

A troubleshooting technique that will help in determining what species have fouled or scaled a membrane is a mass balance around the membrane. A species is selected, such as iron or aluminum, and a mass balance is taken around the RO system. The amount of that species on the feed side should be equal to that amount in the permeate plus the concentrate. Keep in mind that this is conservation of mass not concentration (there is no conservation of concentration). So, to calculation the amounts, the user will have to take the concentration and multiply by the flow rate. This will generate an amount per unit time that... 

The development of gradient systems, available with both feed-forward and feedback control systems, is an important capability of the pumping system. In order to troubleshoot problems with the gradient system, it is valuable to have a feed-back control gradient system. 

Treating liquid hydrocarbons, 301-314 operating problems, 301, 303-305 components (feed cleanup system), 302-303 inadequate treating correction, 305-307 vertical wash towers, 307-309 water washing, 309-310 drying, 310-311 haze (jet fuel), 311-313 electrostatic precipitator, 313 troubleshooting problems, 314... 

The optimization of cyclone performance for any given task is an oft-sought goal but is seldom achieved in practice. Understanding cyclone performance as a function of a cyclone s size, geometry, feed properties, feed flow rates and the system of which it is a part is essential if we wish to successfully design, operate, troubleshoot or predict cyclone performance. We trust that the information presented in this book will help to develop this understanding. 

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