Trivalent ions antimony

Arsenious oxide, trivalent antimony (73), sulfurous acid (74), hydrogen sulfide (75), stannous ion, and thiocianate (76) have been recommended for the titration of iodine. However, none of these appears to have a greater sensitivity for the deterrnination of minute quantities of iodine than thiosulfate. Organic compounds such as formaldehyde (77), chloral hydrate (78), aldoses (79), acetone (70,80), and hydroquinone have also been suggested for this purpose. 

Chemical precipitation is used in porcelain enameling to precipitate dissolved metals and phosphates. Chemical precipitation can be utilized to permit removal of metal ions such as iron, lead, tin, copper, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, mercury, manganese, cobalt, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, molybdenum, and trivalent chromium. Removal efficiency can approach 100% for the reduction of heavy metal ions. Porcelain enameling plants commonly use lime, caustic, and carbonate for chemical precipitation and pH adjustment. Coagulants used in the industry include alum, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, and polymers.10-12... 

The SbF6 ion has a central antimony atom with a ground state of 5s25p2 which is trivalent. If the 5s electrons were to be unpaired and one promoted to a 5d orbital the antimony would then be five-valent. If it accepted an electron to make it Sb and the electron was accommodated in another 5d orbital the ion would be six-valent and could accept the six electrons from the six ligand fluorine atoms to give a valence shell of six a pairs. This would indicate that the ion should have a regular octahedral shape. 

Olah, G. A., Mo, Y. K. Organometallic chemistry. III. Attempted preparation of trivalent silicocations (silicenium ions). The exchange reaction of methylfluorosilanes with antimony pentafluoride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93,4942-43 (1971). 

Antimony has some definite cationic chemistry, but only in the trivalent state, the basic character of Sb205 being negligible. Cationic compounds of SbUI are mostly of the antimonyl ion, SbO+, although some of the Sb3+ ion, such as Sb SO, are known. Antimony salts readily form complexes with various acids in which the antimony forms the nucleus of an anion. 

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