Trivalent Group 13 element halides

Reactions Beginning with Trivalent Group 13 Element Halides... 

Reactions of Trivalent Group 13 Element Halides and Metal Carbonyl Monoanions Leading to Metal Cluster Products... 

Metal carbonyl monoanions, with trivalent Group 13 element halides, 3, 347, 3, 357 Metal carbynes, Fe-containing, 6, 325 Metal-catalyzed cycloadditions, alkenyl- and alkynylboron compounds, 9, 180 Metal cation receptors characteristics, 12, 466 ferrocene-based, 12, 466 Pt- and Au-based receptors, 12, 471 types, 12, 473 Metal chalcogenides... 

NLO properties, 12, 771 overview, 12, 755-780 in polymer main chain, 12, 388 from trivalent Group 13 element halides, 3, 357 Metal complexes... 

Main-group elements X such as monovalent F, divalent O, and trivalent N are expected to form families of transition-metal compounds MX (M—F fluorides, M=0 oxides, M=N nitrides) that are analogous to the corresponding p-block compounds. In this section we wish to compare the geometries and NBO descriptors of transition-metal halides, oxides, and nitrides briefly with the isovalent hydrocarbon species (that is, we compare fluorides with hydrides or alkyls, oxides with alkylidenes, and nitrides with alkylidynes). However, these substitutions also bring in other important electronic variations whose effects will now be considered. 

NLO properties, 12, 128 organometallic complexes, 3, 318 as reaction materials, 3, 368 and selenium nucleophiles, 9, 471 surface chemistry on oxides, 12, 502 in triruthenium cyclopentadienyl clusters, 6, 799 trivalent halides, with metal carbonyl monoanions, 3, 347 Group 14 elements... 

The rare-earth elements constitute together with the actinide elements group 3 of the Periodic Table of the elements, a total of 32 elements The actinides excluded, there are 17 elements left with electron configurations of 4s 3d (Sc), 5s 4d (Y), and 6s 5d 4f (the lanthanides, La, Ce-Lu = 0-14). Hence, they all have an outer valence electron configuration of s d in common that qualifies them for all becoming trivalent in numerous compounds, in oxides, halides, as aqua conqilexes in aqueous solutions. 

The bromoalkane is primary, and bromine is a good leaving group. Trivalent compounds of phosphorus, a third-row element, are moderate nucleophiles. Toluene is a nonpolar aprotic solvent. Given the combination of a primary halide, a good leaving group, a moderate nucleophile, and a nonpolar aprotic solvent, we predict the reaction occurs by an Sj. 2 pathway. 

Phosphorus is the second element in Group 5A of the Periodic Table and, like nitrogen, has five electrons in its valence shell. Examples of trivalent phosphorus compounds are phosphine, PH3, and triphenylphosphine, PhjP. Phosphine is a highly toxic, flammable gas. Triphenylphosphine is a colorless, odorless solid. Because phosphorus is below nitrogen in the Periodic Table, phosphines are weaker bases than amines and good nucleophiles (Section 9.3E). Treatment of a phosphine with a methyl, primary, or secondary all l halide gives a phosphonium salt by an Sj 2 pathway. 

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