Tris 2-chloroethyl phosphate

Oligomeric 2-ChloroethylPhosphate. Akzo s Fyrol 99 [109640-81-5] is produced either by self-condensation of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (82) or by insertion of phosphoms pentoxide into this phosphate (82) followed by ethoxylation. It is low in volatihty and useful in resin-impregnated air filters, in flexible urethane foam, rebonded foam, and stmctural foam. 

Nonreactive additive flame retardants dominate the flexible urethane foam field. However, auto seating appHcations exist, particularly in Europe, for a reactive polyol for flexible foams, Hoechst-Celanese ExoHt 413, a polyol mixture containing 13% P and 19.5% Cl. The patent beHeved to describe it (114) shows a reaction of ethylene oxide and a prereacted product of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and polyphosphoric acid. An advantage of the reactive flame retardant is avoidance of windshield fogging, which can be caused by vapors from the more volatile additive flame retardants. 

Mutagenic and later carciaogenic properties were found for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (148—150), a flame retardant used on polyester fabric ia the 1970s. This product is no longer on the market. The chemically somewhat-related tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate has been intensively studied and found not to display mutagenic activity (148,149,151). Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate appears to be a weak tumor-iaducer ia a susceptible rodent strain (150). 

Phosphoms oxychloride reacts with ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminum chloride to give tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, a valuable plasticizer (75). Phosgene reacts with ethylene oxide and other alkylene oxides to form esters of chlorocarbonic acid (76) (see Carbonic and carbonochloridic esters). 

Tris(2,4-pentanedionato)iron(III), 14 546 Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3), 5 816 Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, 11 502 Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, 8 204, 213... 

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (11.30), a flame retardant, also undergoes monodehalogenation in rats and mice [61]. All evidence is compatible with oxidative dehalogenation to an intermediate aldehyde, which, in turn, accounts for the CNS toxicity of the compound. 

Chloroalkyl phosphates such as tris(l,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCiPP) and tris(chloro-wc>-propyl) phosphate (TC/PP) are more often used in textile backcoatings, in rigid and flexible pol3mrethane foams, which are used for thermal insulation and for furniture and upholstery, respectively [63]. In contrast, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is now more frequently used in PVC, unsaturated polyester resins, and textile backcoatings [63]. 

World Health Organisation (WHO) (1998) Flame retardants Tris(chloropropyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria 209, WHO, Geneva... 

USGS researchers found that at least one of these chemicals was present in more than 80 percent of the rivers and streams examined. Half of the streams had seven or more of the chemicals, and about a third contained 10 or more. The most common substances encountered were coprostanol (a fecal steroid), cholesterol, N,N-diethyl-toluamide (an insect repellent), caffeine, triclosan (a disinfectant), tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (a fire retardant), and 4-nonylphenol (a product of the degradation of detergents). None of the chemicals found occurred in very high concentrations. For the less common chemicals, concentrations sometimes ranged as low as less than 1... 

Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg.No. 115-96-8 Systematic name Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate... 

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate is used as a flame retardant in plastics, especially in flexible foams used in automobiles and furniture, and in rigid foams used for building insulation. No data on occupational exposure levels were available. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has been detected in drinking-water, river water, sea water and sediments in various parts of the world (IARC, 1990). 

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was tested for initiating and promoting activity and for complete carcinogenicity in one strain of mice by skin application. No initiating activity was foimd promoting activity and complete carcinogenicity could not be evaluated (lARC, 1990). 

Neurotoxic effects of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate have been reported in rats and hens (lARC, 1990). 

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate was not mutagenic to bacteria in the absence of an... 

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). 

Phosphates tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate tris-(l-chloro-iso-propyl) phosphate tris-(l,3-dichloro-iso-propyl) phosphate. 

Sagunski, H. and Roftkamp, E. (2002) Richtwerte fur die Innenraumluft Tris(2-chlorethyl)phosphate. [Guideline values for indoor air tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate[. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 45, 300-6. 

Sagunski, H., Ingerowski, G., Mattulat, A. and Scheutwinkel, M. (1997) Tris(2-chlorethyl)-phosphat Exposition und umweltmedizinische Bewertung. [Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Exposition and relevance in environmental medicine]. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis, 2, 185-92. 

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