Trinidad

Total merchant shipments of DRI and HBI in 1993 reached 5.1 x 10 t. The primary DRI exporting countries were Venezuela, Russia, Malaysia, Trinidad, and India. The price of merchant HBI in 1993 was in the range of 125 to 167/1 on a deUvered basis. Although there are expectations that the value of merchant DRI should some day stand on its own, the historic price has been tied to the price of ferrous scrap. A general mle of thumb has been that the value of merchant DRI is comparable to prime scrap (No. 1 Bundles or No. 1 Bushelings) in industrial countries, and comparable to imported shredded scrap in developing countries (see RECYCLING, FERROUS METALS). 

Trinidad asphalt has a relatively uniform composition of 29% water and gas, 39% bitumen soluble in carbon disulfide, 27% mineral matter on ignition, and 5% bitumen that remains adsorbed on the mineral matter. Refining is essentially a process of dehydration by heating the cmde asphalt to ca 165°C. The refined product averages 36% mineral ash with a penetration at 25°C of about 2 (0.2 mm), a softening point (ring and ball method) of 99°C, a flash point (Cleveland open cup) of 254°C, a sulfur content of 3.3%, and a saponification value of 45 mg KOH/g. The mineral matter typically contains... 

For the asphalt cements produced at that time the adoption of the volatilisation and penetration tests provided some degree of control of excessive changes during plant mixing that might be reflected in more durable asphalts. The adoption of the method for bitumen was intended to provide a means for identifying Trinidad asphalt by observing the amount and color of the insoluble ash. 

W. A. AttwooU andD. C. Broome, Trinidad Take Asphalt, 2nded., Baynard Press, London, UK, 1954. 

Full-bodied mms are akowed to ferment from 12 to 20 days, often relying on natural or wild fermentation in which the mash is inoculated by the yeast present in the air and starting materials. These mms are twice-distiked in pot stiks to 140—160° proof. Full-bodied mms are often aged from five to seven years in oakbarrels. Caramel color can also be added to give them a darker color. They are produced in Jamaica, Barbados, Martinique, Trinidad, and Guyana. 

Blending. Most chocolate and cocoa products consist of blends of beans chosen for flavor and color characteristics. Cocoa beans may be blended before or after roasting, or nibs may be blended before grinding. In some cases finished Hquors are blended. Common, or basic beans, are usually African or BraziUan and constitute the bulk of most blends. More expensive flavor beans from Venezuela, Trinidad, Ecuador, etc are added to impart specific characteristics. The blend is deterrnined by the end use or type of product desired. 

Trinidad F, Alonso-Lopez J, Nebot M (1987) J. Appl. Electrochem, 17 215 Ml. Beck F, Oberst M (1987) Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. 8 87... 

Litton C, Trinidad G (1981) Complications of chemical face peeling as evaluated by a questionnaire. Plast Reconstr Surg 67 738-744... 

Rosen, J. F. and Trinidad, E. E. "The Mlcrodetermlnatlon of Blood Lead In Children by Flameless Atomic Absorption ... 

R. Daharu, S. Thomas, and Ali. S. M. Farouq. Micellar flooding for tertiary recovery Recent advances and potential. In Proceedings Volume, pages 414-428. 10th SPE Trinidad Tobago Sect Tech Conf (Port of Spain, Trinidad, 6/26-6/28), 1991. 

Humphries, E., Changes in fat and theobromine content of the kernel of the cocoa bean during fermentation and drying, Rep. Cocoa Res. Trinidad, 8, 34, 1939. 

Rosen JF, Zarate-Salvador C, Trinidad EE. 1974. Plasma lead levels in normal and lead-intoxicated children. J Pediatr 84 45-48. 

Almirall H., Bautista V., Sanchez-Bahillo A, Trinidad-Herrero M. (2001). Ultradian and circadian body temperature and activity rhythms in chronic MPTP treated monkeys. Neurophysiol. Clin. 31, 161-70. 

Watt BE, Clark NWE, Hayes MHB, Chipman JK, Skjemstad JO, Swift RS (1996) Aquatic humic substances from Pristine watersheds chemistry and postchlorination mutagenicity. In Clapp CE, Hayes MHB, Senesi N, Griffith SM (eds) Humic substances and organic matter in soil and water environments characterization, transformations and interactions. Proceedings of the 7th international conference IHSS, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, pp 389-390... 

Circored A DR process using hydrogen made by reforming natural gas. Two fluidized beds are used. Developed by Lurgi in 1995 and first installed in Trinidad in 1998. 

TSF [Texaco Selective Finishing] A process for separating linear from branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons by PSA, using zeolite 5A as the adsorbent. The desorbent is a hydrocarbon having two to four carbon atoms less than the feed. Developed by Texaco in the late 1950s. Believed to be still in operation in its Trinidad refinery as of 1990. 

Basolo, A.L. and Trainor, B.C. (2002) The conformation of a female preference for a composite male trait in green swordtails. Anim. Behav. 63, 469-474 Bradbury, J.W. and Emmons, L. (1974) Social organisation of some Trinidad bats I. Emballonuri-... 

L. F. Wiggins, The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad, British West Indies. 

A froghopper has caused heavy damage in Trinidad and has aroused some concern in other areas. It is controlled by local—i.e., stool—application of 5% BHC. 

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