Trimetallic nitride endohedral

Iezzi EB, Duchamp JC, Fletcher KR, Glass TE, Dorn HC (2002) Lutetium-based trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes new contrast agents. Nano Lett. 2 1187-1190. 

Cardona, C.M., Kitaygorodskiy, A., and Echegoyen, L. (2005) Trimetallic nitride endohedral metallo-fullerenes reactivity dictated by the encapsulated metal cluster. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127, 10448-10453. 

Cai, T., Xu, L., Gibson, H.W. etcd. (2007) Sc3N Cv8 encapsulated cluster regiocontrol of adduct docking on an elUpsoidal metallofullerene sphere. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129, 10795—10800. lezzi, E.B., Eiuchamp, J.C., Harich, K. etal. (2002) A symmetric derivative of the trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerene, SciN Cgo. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 124, 524-525. 

Shu, C.Y, Cai, T., Xu, L.S. et al. (2007) Manganese(lll)-catalyzed free radical reactions on trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129, 15710-15717. 

The major products formed by DC arc discharge are empty fullerenes, with the endohedral fullerenes composing only about 1% of the raw soot. For this reason, better extraction methods are always being sought. Sublimation is a fairly efficient metiiod for extraction and is a solventless technique. Nevertheless, file most popular method for extraction of endohedral fiiUerenes is solvent extraction. Some popular solvents for extraction are xylene, carbon disulfide, and toluene. The efficiency of this method is not great because about half of the endohedral fiillerenes remain in the extracted residue, which needs further processing with other solvents. Extraction of trimetallic nitride endohedral fiillerenes has a higher efficiency because of increased solubility in common solvents. 

Trimetallic nitride endohedral fiiUerenes have been sought for use in MRl contrast agent ( Lanthanides Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and optoelectronic devices because of the wide variety of trimetallic nitride clusters that can be encapsulated in the fullerene, which can be used to tune properties of the material. ... 

Ge Z, Duchamp JC, Cai T, Gibson HW, Dorn HC (2005) Purification of endohedral trimetallic nitride fullerenes in a single, facile step. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 16292-16298. 

The electrochemical properties of TNT-EMFs, M3N C2n n > 39) differ from those of the empty cage fullerenes (see Fig. 6) due to the interaction of the metal cluster with the carbon cage and because the structure of these carbon cages are generally different. As a consequence, the reductive processes are electrochemically irreversible but chemically reversible. The oxidative processes occur at lower potentials because the HOMO orbital is mainly localized on the trimetallic nitride clusters and the HOMO-LUMO gaps in solution are smaller [25,58]. The endohedral metallo-fullerenes M C2n show similar behavior but even smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps [59]. 

Zuo, T.M., Olmstead, M.M., Beavers, C.M. etal. (2008) Preparation and structural characterization of the 7h and the Dsh isomers of the endohedral fullerenes TmsNOCgo icosahedral Cgo cage encapsulation of a trimetallic nitride magnetic cluster with three uncoupled Tm + ions. Inorganic Chemistry, 47, 5234-5244. 

Shu, C., Slebodnick, C., Xu, L. etal. (2008) Highly regioselective derivatization of trimetallic nitride templated endohedral metallofullerenes via a facile photochemical reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 17755-17760. 

Abstract We report here a review of our recent efforts at understanding and predicting reactivity and regioselectivity of endohedral (metallo)fullerenes and their parent free fullerenes. The effect of encapsulation of trimetallic nitrides or noble gas atoms/dimers was shown to have a profound impact on the stability and reactivity of fullerene compounds. It is not just the encapsulation, but in particular the nature of the species that is encapsulated that determines how (un)reactive the fullerene becomes. These findings have important consequences for future applications of (metallo)fullerenes in biomedicine and (nano)technology. 

For the production of cluster fiillerenes, the trimetallic nifride template method is used, which is a modification of the DC arc technique. This technique introduces a reactive gas rather than helium in the production process. The yields of trimetaUic-nitride-containing endohedral fiillerenes can be increased from 2% to a maximiun of 98% using NH3 rather than nitrogen as the reactive gas. The high yields make the extraction process more efficient. 

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