Triggering

Expert systems. In situations where the statistical classifiers cannot be used, because of the complexity or inhomogeneity of the data, rule-based expert systems can sometimes be a solution. The complex images can be more readily described by rules than represented as simple feature vectors. Rules can be devised which cope with inhomogeneous data by, for example, triggering some specialised data-processing algorithms. 

The war itself also drove the development of improved and miniaturised electronic components for creating oscillators and amplifiers and, ultimately, semiconductors, which made practical the electronic systems needed in portable eddy current test instruments. The refinement of those systems continues to the present day and advances continue to be triggered by performance improvements of components and systems. In the same way that today s pocket calculator outperforms the large, hot room full of intercormected thermionic valves that I first saw in the 50 s, so it is with eddy current instrumentation. Today s handheld eddy current inspection instrument is a powerful tool which has the capability needed in a crack detector, corrosion detector, metal sorter, conductivity meter, coating thickness meter and so on. 

Physical separation between eddy current functions and system functions, so that the system requirements (encoders amount, trigger specifications, robot control) can be changed without influence on the eddy current modules. 

The external trigger input allows automatic inspections and ultrasonic imaging. The clock signal of an encoder or of stepper motors can be used as a trigger for the pulser. An internal software controlled divider allows different scan resolutions. 

The internal pulser generates an output voltage of 228 V with a rise time of lower than 6 ns, which provides high resolution for frequencies above 10 MHz. The external trigger input enables synehronization with manipulators. 

The rupture process of a soap film is of some interest. In the case of a film spanning a frame, as in Fig. XIV-15, it is known that rupture tends to originate at the margin, as shown in the classic studies of Mysels [207, 211]. Rupture away from a border may occur spontaneously but is usually studied by using a spark [212] as a trigger (a-radia-tion will also initiate rupture [213]). An aureole or ridge of accumulated material may be seen on the rim of the growing hole [212, 214] (see also Refs. 215, 216). Theoretical analysis has been in the form of nucleation [217, 218] or thin-film instability [219]. 

The scope of tire following article is to survey the physical and chemical properties of tire tliird modification of carbon, namely [60]fullerene and its higher analogues. The entluisiasm tliat was triggered by tliese spherical carbon allotropes resulted in an epidemic-like number of publications in tire early to mid-1990s. In more recent years tire field of fullerene chemistry is, however, dominated by tire organic functionalization of tire highly reactive fullerene... 

There are, indeed, many biological implications that have been triggered by the advent of fullerenes. They range from potential inhibition of HIV-1 protease, synthesis of dmgs for photodynamic therapy and free radical scavenging (antioxidants), to participation in photo-induced DNA scission processes [156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162 and 163]. These examples unequivocally demonstrate the particular importance of water-soluble fullerenes and are summarized in a few excellent reviews [141, 1751. 

Brunei C, Lounis B, Tamarat P and Orrit M 1999 Triggered source of single photons based on controlled single molecule fluorescence Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 2722-5... 

The reaction mechanisms of plasma polymerization processes are not understood in detail. Poll et al [34] (figure C2.13.6) proposed a possible generic reaction sequence. Plasma-initiated polymerization can lead to the polymerization of a suitable monomer directly at the surface. The reaction is probably triggered by collisions of energetic ions or electrons, energetic photons or interactions of metastables or free radicals produced in the plasma with the surface. Activation processes in the plasma and the film fonnation at the surface may also result in the fonnation of non-reactive products. 

Valitutti, Muller S, Celia M, Padovan E and Lanzavecchia A 1995 Serial triggering of many T-cells by a few peptide-MHC complexes Nature 375 148-51... 

Moving responsibility for the force computation away from the patches required a move away from pure message-driven execution to dependency-driven execution in which patches control the data (atomic coordinates) needed for compute objects to execute. A compute object, upon creation, registers this dependency with those patches from which it needs data. The patch then triggers force calculation by notifying its dependent compute objects when the next timestep s data is available. Once a compute object has received notification from all of the patches it depends on, it is placed in a prioritized queue for eventual execution. 

Both steps m this general mechanism are based on precedent It is called elec trophilic addition because the reaction is triggered by the attack of an acid acting as an electrophile on the rr electrons of the double bond Using the two rr electrons to form a bond to an electrophile generates a carbocation as a reactive intermediate normally this IS the rate determining step... 

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