Triethyltin iodide

Synonyms Triethyltin iodide dibutyltin chloride tributyltin chloride triphenyltin acetate bis(tributyltin) oxide triphenyltin chloride... 

The effectiveness of organotin compounds as industrial and agricultural biocides carries with it the hazard of their toxicity to higher life forms. This was headlined in 1954 when a preparation for the treatment of boils containing triethyltin iodide was marketed in France under the name of Stalinon, and which caused the death of 102 people, and a recent incident in China involving industrial lard contaminated with Me2SnCl2 which caused the death of two people.27... 

Alternative Names/Abbreviations Triethyltin iodide, dibutyltin chloride, triphenyltin acetate, bis(tributyltin) oxide, triphenyltin chloride... 

The use of tetraethyl lead (PbEt4), which was first prepared by Lowig as early as 1853, as a fuel additive has raised major environmental concerns to the effect that it is banned in most countries today.Diethyltin iodide was widely distributed in 1954 in France as a cure for staphylococcal infections. The sample, which was contaminated with the much more toxic triethyltin iodide, caused over 100 deaths. Tributyl- or even trioctyltin compounds, which are far more lipophilic, have been used as preservants in plastics, clothes, and as antifouling paintings on ships. They are, however, seen with increasing skepticism and have been mostly replaced by hopefully less toxic compounds. Nonetheless, these examples underscore the necessity for constant and critical evaluation of all the chemicals in common usage. 

In 1954, a proprietary formulation, Stalinon , was marketed in France for oral administration of boils. The formulation was primarily linoleic acid but was contaminated with triethyltin (TET)iodide (LD50 in rats, ca 0.7 mg/kg1) and may have contained the mono-, di- and tetraethyltin compounds. The formulation led to the death of 102 people and the intoxication of more than 200 others. The TET caused altopic cerebral edema of the white matter of the brain. Since the Stalinon Affair , a great deal of control has been exerted in the manufacture and marketing of organotins and few deaths have occurred11. The accidental exposure of six industrial workers to TMT led to one death and to two seriously... 

A variety of synthetic methods employs tin hydrides as the starting materials. The interaction of triethyltin hydride with diethylmercury leads to hexaethylditin, mercury, and ethane 228). Hexamethylditin has been obtained by treatment of dimethyltin dihydride with sodium in liquid ammonia, followed by addition of methyl iodide. 

Arylthiolic acid esters. A soln. of iodobenzene and triethyltin phenylmercaptide in hexamethylphosphoramide stirred in the presence of a little PhPdI(PPii3)2 at 20° under 1 atm. CO for 24 h - S-phenyl thiobenzoate. Y 78%. Nitro-subst. ar. iodides gave the corresponding ar. thioethers. F.e.s. Y.V. Gulevich et al., Zh. Org. Khim. 24, 2126-32 (1988). 

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