Triaxial weave

Triaxial weave originated in the 1970s and feature a 90 60° hexagonal planar arrangement. A more popular construction is a unidirectional and — layer, with either a weft (90°) or a warp (0°) unidirectional layer. All three layers are normally combined by stitchbonding into a single fabric, which gives better drapeability than an adhesive bonded fabric. 

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Figure 21.2 Interaction of textile technology and composite engineering to form rigid fiber assemblies. Source Reprinted with permission from Hearle JWS, Du GW, J Text Inst, 81(4), 1980. (a) Knitted stmchire with repeated reversal of yam directions, (b) Simple plain weave fabric with threads continuous in X and Y directions, (c) Triaxial weave fabric, (d) Braid with yams at 9 to axis, (e) Triaxial braid. Copyright 1980, The Textile Institute.

Triaxial weaving v. Weaving in which the cloth is made from three yarns whose axes are 120° apart. When used as a reinforcing medium, the cloth yields a laminate whose properties in the plane are nearly isotropic. 

Specialist multiaxial equipment for weaving triaxial fabrics is shown in Figure 21.36. 

Figure 21.36 Brunswick Technologies Inc., Andover equipment for weaving triaxial fabrics. Source Courtesy Brunswick Technologies Inc.

Figure 21.37 Structural geometry of triaxially woven fabric (basic weave). Source Reprinted with permission from Ko FK Buckley J, Edie DD eds., Carbon-Carbon Materials and Composites, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, 71-104, 1993. Copyright 1993, William Andrew Publishing.

Triaxial fabrics n. Completely isotropic fabrics made in a weaving process employing three yarns at 60° angles to each other. 

Triaxial Fabrics n Completely isotropic fabrics made in a weaving process employing three yarns at 60° angles to each other. These fabrics have no stretch or distortion in any direction. With equal sizes and number of yarns in all three directions, the fabric approaches equal strength and stiffness in all directions (Yates M Fabrics (2002) W. W. Norton and Company, New York). 

Structures Unidirectional (roving, yam) Nonwoven (felts, papers, filament wounded or placement) weave (plane, triaxial) hi- and triaxial braides knitted Z-pinned, needled punched, stitched Tridimensional braids, 3D weave (orthogonal, angle interlock, multilayer), nD multi axial weave... 

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