Tri-«-butylamine

An exception to the lone pair or donor electron requirement of organic inhibitors is provided by the quaternary ammonium compounds. Meakins reports the effectiveness of tetra-alkyl ammonium bromides with the alkyl group having C 10. Comparative laboratory tests of commercial inhibitors of this type have been described . The inhibiting action of tetra-butyl ammonium sulphate for iron in H S-saturated sulphuric acid has been described, better results being achieved than with mono-, di- or tri-butylamines . 

The dehydration and activation of commercial tetrabutylammonium fluoride di-or trihydrate to obtain anhydrous BU4NF [10, 11] is compHcated because the highly active anhydrous BU4NF decomposes already at T> 14—17°C to give tri-butylamine, tributylamine hydrofluoride, 1-butylfluoride, and 1-butene [12]. Thus... 

Tri-/ -butylamine hydrobromide [37026-85-0] M 308.3, m 75.2-75-9°. Crystd from ethyl acetate. 

Amine Boranes. Trialkylamine and dialkylamine boranes, such as tri- /-butylamine borane and dimethyl amine borane, are mainly used in... 

Tri- -butylamine is oxidized with DCT in water to form a mixture of dibutylamine and butanal (69Z325) (Scheme 96). 

C. The catalyst can be recycled and the only by-product, acetic acid, can be separated by vacuum distillation. By use of different acyl nitrates and HZSM-11, the outer crystal surface of which was deactivated by adsorption of tri-butylamine, toluene was nitrated with up to 98 % selectivity to p-NT [19]. No yields were indicated and the method seems to be of academic interest only. 

These experimental results demonstrate that tri- -butylamine could be immobilized completely with the active site on the resin for an immobilizion duration of 6 days. However, the immobilized content of tri-n-butylamine by the Volhard method was dependent on both the number of cross-linkages and the number of ring substitutions. The immobilized contents for the Volhard method are about 50-70% that for TGA (or EA). Since the analyzed results of the Volhard method determined the free chloride ions in the solution by the AgN03 titration method, the free chloride ion of the active site were only measured at 50-70% of the amount of immobilized content. The trend of the varied content for microresin is larger than that for macroresin. This result indicates that the analysis by the Volhard method may be influenced by the diffusion problem, and may be because the resin did not swell completely in the aqueous solution. On the other hand, if the resin is used as a TC to react in an actual reaction system, and the resin could not swell completely to release all free chloride ions, then the reaction environment would be influenced by the mass transfer of the reactant. 

A solution of a proprietary isocyanate compound (1 wt.% in ethyl acetate) was provided by an industrial partner. The mid-IR spectrum was recorded at a resolution of 4 cm for a scan time of 30 s, then the solution (25 ml) was treated with an excess amount of tri- -butylamine (5 ml, 99% pure from Alfa Aesar) and spectra were recorded every 60 s for a total of 80 minutes. The reaction was carried out at room temperature. 

Tetra- -butylammonium fluoride in the method F acts as the ultimate reductant with subsequent oxidation to tri- -butylamine, and a fluoride ion, as strong base, is apparently involved in this conversion. This method was found to be applicable in the homo-couplings of aryl iodides and bromides. Since the use of quaternary ammonium salts as oxidants has not been widely explored, this reaction requires further mechanistic investigations. 

In addition, the immobilized amount of the functional group of -N(C4H9)3 in the resin was determined from the mass fiaction of nitrogen by elemental analysis (EA) for C, H, and N, and from the chloride ion density titrated by the Volhard method. Table 1 lists the immobilized content of tri-n-butylamine in the resin determined by the TGA, EA and Volhard methods. The accuracy of our analytical techniques for TGA, EA and Volhard method were within 10%, 5% and 3%, respectively. The sequence of determining method for the immobilized content of tri- -butylamine in the resin was TGA > EA > Volhard. The analyzed residt of the TGA (or EA) method was based on the elemental weight, and it reveals the real immobilized content. 

Monoalkylketenes are also prone to dimerization, but dialkylketenes have longer lifetimes. The remarkably crowded and unreactive di-teri-butylketene 5 bears strong steric protection and was first prepared in 1960 from the acyl chloride using a strong base (Eqn (4.4)), and identified by the characteristic ketenyl IR absorption. The dehydrochlorination reaction has also been carried out with triethylamine as the base using ultrasound in 86% yield or by reaction with neat tri- -butylamine at 80 °C, also in 86% yield. The use of the aldehyde i-Bu2CClCH=0 as an alternative precursor to 5 by an elimination reaction has also recendy been reported. This ketene is stable indefinitely as a neat liquid and reacts slowly with and there is no... 

We anticipated a more pronounced steric effect to appear in substitutions with tri- -butylamine. Since this amine is not soluble in DMSO, we were forced to use the DMSO/dioxane mixture. 

Ionic grafting of oligoolefins is less frequently employed. Thus, a solution in n-hexane of oligopropylene (2 to 10% concentration) is saturated by barbotage at 40°C with anhydrous formaldehyde. Formaldehyde grafting is initiated with tri-butylamine. The process lasts 3 h at 40°C [989]. 

The first accelerator used in an anaerobic adhesive was tri- -butylamine.[162] Saccharin was also found to be an efiective accelerator [163] and the combination of saccharin and JV,AT-dimethyl-p-toluidine was particularly effective if properly stabilized [164]. 

Arylation. lodobenzene heated 2 hrs. at 120° with methyl acrylate in methanol containing PdCl2 and K-acetate as Hl-acceptor methyl cinnamate. Y 97% based on iodobenzene consumed. F. e. s. T. Mizoroki, K. Mori, and A. Ozaki, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan 44, 581 (1971) with Pd-acetate and tri- -butylamine as a hindered amine s. R. F. Heck and J. P. Nolley, Jr., J. Org. Chem. 57, 2320 (1972). 

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