Transport via localized states

Low electron mobilities ( 0.1 cm V-is ) are characteristic of trapped states. Electron transport occurs by movement of the electron from one trap to another. If this transfer occurs via a conduction band, the model outlined in Section 3.11.2 can be used. If the electron transfer occurs between neighboring traps by the absorption of phonons the process is called hopping. At constant temperature, the hopping process can be envisioned as a diffusion process which was outlined in Section 1.7. Application of an additional electric field yields for electrons a small increase in the rate of jumps against the direction of the field as compared to the rate in field direction. The 

Adamczewski, L, Ionization, Conductivity and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids, Taylor Francis, London, 1969. 

Drift Mobilities and Conduction Band Energies of Excess Electrons in Dielectric Liquids, National Bureau of Standards, 1976. 

and Holroyd, R. A., Chemical reaction rates of quasifree electrons in nonpolar liquids, /. Phys. Chem., 78, 796, 1974. 

deHaas, M. R, and Hummel, A., Measurement of ionic mobilities in dielectric liquids by means of concentrical electrodes, /. Chem. Phys., 64, 2587,1976. 

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The highest values obtained are of the order of 10 S cm , so that the meanfree path must be up to 7 il00a. Transport via localized states must therefore be excluded as the dominant process and there must already be a metallic ground state, at least in a large volume fraction. 

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