Transport glutathione conjugates

Van Luyn MJA, Muller M, Renes J, Meijer C, Scheper RJ, Nienhuis EF, Mulder NH, Jansen PLM, De Vries EGE (1998) Transport of glutathione conjugates into secretory vesicles is mediated by the multidrug-resistance protein 1. Int J Cancer 76 55-62 Vermeij G (1994) The evolutionary interaction among species selection, escalation, and coevolution. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 25 219-236... 

Zhang Y, Callaway EC. (2002) High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. Biochem J 364 301-307. 

Transport Studies with Intact Cells Transport of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and glutathione conjugates across the hepato-cyte plasma membrane, 173, 523 Ca fluxes and phosphoinosi-... 

The conversion of the glutathione conjugate to its cysteinyl derivative is mediated, at least in part, by enzymes in the intestinal epithelial cells. S-(Pentachlorobutadienyl)glutathione and S-(pentachlorobutadienyl)-L-cysteine are partially reabsorbed from the intestines and transported to the liver and subsequently to the body tissues (Gietl et al. 1991). Only a portion of the reabsorbed material is taken up by the liver for additional metabolism. When liver uptake of the glutathione conjugate was measured using perfused rat livers, the maximum uptake observed was 39% (Koob and Dekant 1992). A portion of this material was re-excreted in bile without any metabolic... 

Lu, Y.-P. et al., AtMRP2, an Arabidopsis ATP binding cassette transporter able to transport glutathione S-conjugates and chlorophyll catabolites functional comparisons with AtMRPl. Plant Cell, 10, 267, 1998. 

These can be transported to neighboring cells and tissues. For example, they maybe produced in the liver and transported to the kidney, bladder, or lung. For example, the glutathione conjugates of hexachlorobutadiene (see chap. 7) and methylisocyanate. 

Elferink RP, Ottenhoff R, Liefting W, et al. Hepatobiliary transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugate in rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinemia. J Clin Invest 1989 84 476 183. 

Phase I metabolites, together with unchanged parent compound, are excreted via bile and urine, if sufficient solubility and/or transporter specificity is given. In a second step, conjugation reactions often increase polarity even more by glucuronidation, sulfation, or glutathione conjugation (Phase II). 

Figure 12.2. Interrelationships among Phase I (hydroxylation). Phase II (glucuronic acid, sulfate, and glutathione conjugation), and Phase III (ABC transporter-mediated efflux) detoxification processes leading to the inactivation and elimination of xenobiotics.

GSH, glutathione conjugate, and GSSG transport out of most cell types via plasma membrane transporters... 

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