TRANSMUTATION EFFECTS

This category of applications includes all those uses where the neutrons and/or gamma radiations are used to cause a change in the material properties. Because transmutation effects usually require significant fluences to induce the effect within a reasonable time period, then intermediate and higher powered reactors are needed. Additionally, to produce sufficient quantities of product to make it worthwhile, fairly large, uniform flux irradiation positions are often required. 

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Adloff JP, Roessler K (1991) Recoil and transmutation effects in the migration behavior of actinides. Radiochim Acta 52/53 269-274... 

The remaining technological issues of SiC/SiC composites for fusion applications such as transmutation effect, thermal properties, especially through the thickness, Pb-17Li compatibility, hermeticity should be further studied. 

Power Level Education Training NAA Isotope Production Geochronology Transmutation Effects Neutron Radiography (2) Material Structure Studies (2) PGNAA (2) Positron Source (2) NCT (1 or 2) Testing ... 

A fifth position on alchemy held by Wellby and others—though a decidedly minority one—held that the alchemists had indeed effected transmutation of metals, created the elixir of life, and achieved other medical feats. Some believed that the adept achieved the spiritual and psychic power to transmute metals using only mental energy. Members of the Alchemical Society, including Waite, generally dismissed this idea (Journal of the Alchemical Society 1913a, 32). 

It is now accepted as a proved fact that the element radium decomposes with the formation of other elements, the simplest of which is apparently helium, and the experiments of Sir William Ramsay have indicated that the energy liberated by radium can effect the transmutation of other elements into one another but in such cases man can only watch the changes that go on, and cannot control or vary them. But in the building-up process that has apparently now been discovered, the energy for the change is artificially supplied and controlled, and the changes are thus of a different order from the radioactive decompositions of a decaying element. 

Soddy admitted that the current knowledge disproved alchemical claims to transmutation, because scientists now understood that enormous quantities of energy would have been necessary to effect such a change. 

As we have seen, though the radiochemists efforts had not led to docu-mentable transmutations in the pre-War era, Rutherford had been able to effect the first atomic transmutation in 1919. Miethe s supposed mercury-to-gold transmutations in 1924 had set off a wave of new efforts by chemists, and in the late 1920s and early 1930s—when Gernsback s pulps were... 

Modern alchemy s claims that atoms were not indivisible and immutable and that humans could effect elemental transmutation entailed a rethinking of the nature of money during a moment of economic and monetary crisis. 

Here the effect of the (3 emission is to increase the atomic number by 1 (i.e., to transmute X into the next heaviest element in the periodic table, Y), to leave the atomic weight unchanged (a so-called isobaric transmutation), and to emit the (3 particle, which is conventionally given a mass of 0 and a charge of —1. Although it does not actually happen like this, it is often useful to think of the (3 process as being the conversion of a neutron into two equal but oppositely charged particles, the proton and the electron, as follows ... 

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