Transmittance window

Polyaniline Blends. Polyaniline doped with camphor sulfonic acid, PANI-CSA, in the form of a blend with poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, is also used as hole injection material in PPV-based LEDs owing to the low barrier for hole injection [209,210] and the match of the PPV electroluminescent emission with the transmittance window of the PANI-CSA/PMMA blend (Fig. 10). Blends of polyester resin (PES) with PANI-CSA were also used for this purpose [209]. The barrier height for hole injection at the PANI-CSA-PES/MEH-PPV blend was found to be dependent on the PANI-CSA concentration, ranging from about 0.02 eV at a concentration of 5% w/w to about 0.1 eV for pure PANI [209]. In the case of PANI-CSA-PMMA/PPV interfaces, the barrier height for hole... 

Four monomer solutions with different KCl concentrations, corresponding to four different KCl doping levels - (a) 0.546, (b) 0.220, (c) 0.022 and (d) 0.002, respectively - based on the molar ratio of (KC1)/(AMPS) were prepared. It was found that the widest transmittance window, fastest response and highest coloration efficiency are obtained for (KC1)/(AMPS) = 0.22, while the saturated doping level leads to the longest cycle life. 

Precisely controllable rf pulse generation is another essential component of the spectrometer. A short, high power radio frequency pulse, referred to as the B field, is used to simultaneously excite all nuclei at the T,arm or frequencies. The B field should ideally be uniform throughout the sample region and be on the order of 10 ]ls or less for the 90° pulse. The width, in Hertz, of the irradiated spectral window is equal to the reciprocal of the 360° pulse duration. This can be used to determine the limitations of the sweep width (SW) irradiated. For example, with a 90° hard pulse of 5 ]ls, one can observe a 50-kHz window a soft pulse of 50 ms irradiates a 5-Hz window. The primary requirements for rf transmitters are high power, fast switching, sharp pulses, variable power output, and accurate control of the phase. 

Transmission, by collimator in x-ray optical system, 113 of x-rays by windows, 45 Transmittance of x-rays, as function of absorber thickness, 11 Transmitted beam, components, 18 Tubes, x-ray, see X-ray tubes Tungstate solutions, absorption effects in, 168-170... 

The entrance window is a relevant part of the sensor. Common glasses as well as most transparent plastics block UV radiation. Standard UV-transmitting materials like quartz and sapphire are expensive. For UVA and to some extent the UVB special glasses but also plastics like some PMMA-derivatives or some silicon gels are available with a reasonable transmittance down to about 330 nm. For UVC applications with the important 254 nm line of Hg, quartz remains the standard solution. 

Beryllium metal is used as a window material for X-ray tubes (it has 17 times the transmittance of aluminum). Notwithstanding the high cost of the metal, it has been tested for use in high-performance sports equipment such as golf clubs, bicycles, and motorcycles. 

Figure 17. Transmittance of nonlinear junctions (ari( nn)—>ar2( Jin)) calculated at z=100mm by intensity integration within the computational window (horizontal lines denote linear...

Another result of Sec. 3.3.1 is that the transmittance of the structure A is power dependent, moreover the transmittance evaluated via intensity integration within the core (Ti) and within the computational window depends on the initial beam power differently (Fig.13,14). The pulse duration also depends on the domain —X, ) over which the moments Mi (2.15) of... 

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