Transmission electron microscopy heating effects

Except for the fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanohoms, and schwarzites, porous carbons are usually disordered materials, and cannot at present be completely characterized experimentally. Methods such as X-ray and neutron scattering and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) give partial structural information, but are not yet able to provide a complete description of the atomic structure. Nevertheless, atomistic models of carbons are needed in order to interpret experimental characterization data (adsorption isotherms, heats of adsorption, etc.). They are also a necessary ingredient of any theory or molecular simulation for the prediction of the behavior of adsorbed phases within carbons - including diffusion, adsorption, heat effects, phase transitions, and chemical reactivity. [Pg.103]

Effective total thermal conductivity Thermal conductivity of a material that exhibits thermal transmission by several modes of diffusive heat transfer EFTEM Elemental transmission electron microscopy Elastic modulus see Young s modulus... [Pg.899]

S. Bonnamy. Carbonization of various precursors. Effect of heating rate, (a) Part I Optical microscopy studies. Carbon 37, 1691-1705 (1999) (b) Part II Transmission electron microscopy and physicochemical studies. Carbon 37, 1707-1724 (1999). [Pg.81]