Transient Synovitis

Al is also present in the synovial fluid and arthritis-like symptoms have been reported in patients with Al bone disease, possibly due to an inflammatory effect on the synovial cells [107, 108]. We did not see signs of arthritis shortly after the intoxication, but after several months of treatment with desferrioxamine, three patients developed a possible transient synovitis with hydrops in the knee joints. 

In one study, 64% of limping children with no history of gait dysfunction or trauma had primary involvement of the hip joint. Most cases were caused by transient synovitis and resolved with rest Many children with hip-related gait dysfunction have had a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Other causes Include osteitis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and Perthes disease. 

Unlike transient synovitis, septic arthritis of the infant hip tends to occur in a younger age group (<3 years old). In neonates, it is more often associated with concomitant femoral osteomyelitis. As already described in Chapter 5, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative anaerobes are the most... 

A 3 mm difference in thickness (from the femoral shaft to the anterior fascia of the rectus femoris) between the affected and the healthy quadriceps was found as the threshold value this sign can also be encountered, however, in patients with other long-lasting hip disorders, including slipped upper femoral epiphysis and transient synovitis (Robben et al. 1998,1999b). Based on the combination of the above... 

Orthop Clin North Am 37 133-140 Futami T, Kasahara Y, Suzuki S et al (1991) Ultrasonography in transient synovitis and early Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg Br 73 635-639... 

Lee MC, Eberson CP (2006) Growth and development of the child s hip. Orthop Clin North Am 37 119-132 Leibowitz E, Levin S,Torten J et al (1985) Interferon system in acute transient synovitis. Arch Dis Child 60 959-962 Lin JN, Chou ML (1997) Ultrasonographic study of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the management of congenital torticollis. J Pediatr Surg 32 1648-1651 Loder RT (1996) A worldwide study on the seasonal variation of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Clin Orthop 322 28-36 Major NM, Crawford ST (2002) Elbow effusions in trauma in adults and children is there an occult fracture AJR Am J Roentgenol 178 413-418... 

Robben SGF, Lequin MH, Diepstraten AFM et al (1999a) Anterior joint capsule of the normal hip and in children with transient synovitis US study with anatomic and histologic correlation. Radiology 210 499-507... 

Tolat V, Carty H, Klenerman L et al (1993) Evidence for a viral aetiology of transient synovitis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 75 973-974... 

In 75 children with typhoid fever, aged under 6 years (mean age 32 months), ciprofloxacin had no adverse effects on growth or joints (54). In another study only 2 of 219 children treated with ciprofloxacin developed arthropathy, in one case transiently (55). In a necropsy study on children treated with ciprofloxacin 20 0 mg/kg/day for an average of 148 days, there were no chondrotoxic effects however, synovial membranes showed signs of subacute synovitis, which had not been noted in life (56). 

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