Transient operation of chemical reactors

Transient operation of chemical reactors created new class of optimization problems, more complicated than those being solved to optimize traditional, steady-state fixed-bed reactors. 

The nonstationary (transient) operation of chemical reactors is traditionally applied in kinetic research in order to reveal reaction mechanisms. Pulses and step changes can be introduced in continuous reactors, and concentration changes at the reactor outlet are monitored by on-line or off-line analysis. The method is applicable to both gas- and liquid-phase systems. Isotope exchange can be commenced wherein H2/D2 (hydrogen/deuterium) experiments can reveal the role of hydrogen in a catalytic process. Some examples of catalytic isomerizations are displayed in Figure 9.22. A reaction network for hydrocarbon isomerization is shown in Figure 9.22. 

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