Transfer techniques, plasmid

BacUhis megaterium to Bacillus subtiBs by Plasmid Transfer Techniques... 

That the traits of B. m aterium can be transferred to B. subtilis by plasmid transfer techniques has been established. These traits are increased resistance to naphthalene, parachlorbiphenyl, and dibenzofuran, and increased ability to degrade C-naphthalene. The transformants increased degradative abilities were demonstrated by the accumulation of greater quantitites of water soluble metabolite and the presence of a unique solvent soluble metabolite. 

Therefore alternative techniques for gene transfer are necessary. While progress has been made in electroporation of Desulfovibrio (Rousset et al. 1991, 1998), the development of reliable and efficient procedures deserves further attention. Evidence has been obtained for the presence of a restriction barrier that limits transformation in D. vulgaris (Fu and Voordouw 1997). The efficiency of electroporation of plasmids into D. vulgaris was increased from an undetectable level to lO transformants... 

Physical methods of gene transfer. Genes can often be transferred without the use of a cloning vehicle. This is especially important for certain plant cells, such as those of cereal grains, for which transfer of genes via the Ti plasmid has been difficult.167 If DNA, which may be in a plasmid, is coprecipitated with calcium phosphate, it can often be taken up directly either by animal cells or by plant protoplasts.168 169 Polycations also facilitate DNA uptake cationic liposomes seem to be especially effective.170 In the widely used electroporation technique a short electrical pulse of a few hundred volts / cm is applied to create transient pores in the plasma membrane through which the DNA can enter a cell.111 8,171 175 Chromosomes can be transferred by cell fusion and either... 

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