Transfemoral prosthesis

Externally Controlled Transfemoral Prostheses Powered Hand and Arm Prostheses... 

FIGURE 70.5 The C-leg. The C-leg is a transfemoral prosthesis that incorporates intelligent knee mechanism... 

Transfemoral prosthesis Artificial leg for amputees with the amputation between the knee and hip... 

Osseointegration of a transfemoral prosthesis. (Courtesy of Dr. Rickard Branemark, MD, MSc,... 

Sup, E, Varol, H. A., Mitchell, J., Withrow, T. J., and Goldfarb, M. 2009. Preliminary evaluations of a self-contained anthropomorphic transfemoral prosthesis. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,... 

FIGURE 33.15 Common donning procedure for a transfemoral prosthesis incorporating a suction (expulsion valve) socket (/SdofMed from Rtf. 4, Fig. 6.1.)... 

The transtibial prosthesis incorporates one of the aforementioned prosthetic socket designs and suspension methods, a spacer (shank), and an artificial foot. The transfemoral prosthesis is similar, with the inclusion of a prosthetic knee unit and an additional spacer for the thigh. The spacer is usually made of wood, plastic, or metal depending on whether the design is exo- or endoskeletal. 

The adaptive prosthesis for transfemoral amputees. From http //www. blatchford.co.uk /products/products. 

Since the design of the prosthesis varies with amputation level, prosthetic design will be reviewed for the aforementioned lower extremity amputation levels. Since the primary levels of lower extremity amputation are transtibial (54 percent") and transfemoral (33 percent"), the prostheses for these amputation levels will be presented in greater detail. 

Knee Disarticulation Prostheses. The knee disarticulation amputation, while relatively rare in the United States (more common in Europe), is generally fitted as a long transfemoral amputation. Since this long residual limb has a bulbous end due to the retention of the femoral condyles, the socket is similar to that for a Symes amputee. The prosthesis may include a laced leather socket or anterior-opening socket with side joints and a posterior check strap. 

Transfemoral Amputation Prostheses. The femur of functional transfemoral amputees must extend distal to the ischial public ramus, providing some lever arm for hip extension and flexion. The prosthesis for a transfemoral amputee includes a prosthetic foot, a shank that may be endo- or exoskeletal in design, a knee unit, a socket, and a means of suspension (Fig. 33.12). 

Suspension of the transfemoral socket and prosthesis is typically achieved through suction (expul-... 

Gait analysis of the transfemoral amputee is reviewed in Ref. 7 (Chap. 14). This reference highlights common gait deviations, their potential prosthetic and/or physiological causes, and possible corrective measures. Note that many individuals with transfemoral amputation choose not to wear a prosthesis and walk with crutches. The use of these assistive devices may facilitate faster and more efficient (per distance traveled) ambulation. 

Another new commercial product is the 3C100 C-Leg (Otto Bock, Minneapolis, Minn.) (Fig. 33.20). This transfemoral leg incorporates a microprocessor-controlled hydraulic knee with swing and stance phase control. The controls are adjusted for the individual subject. The knee angles and moments are measured at 50 Hz, and the prosthesis facilitates ambulation at various speeds on inclines, declines, stairs (step over step), and uneven terrain. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery provides sufficient power for a full day (25-30 hours). Similar microprocessor-controlled pneumatic... 

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