Trans-2- glycine

Williams, R. W., V. F. Kalasinsky, and A. H. Lowrey. 1993. Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Field for Cis- and Trans-glycine in Acidic Solution. J. Mol. Struct. (Theochem) 281, 157-171. 

Cu(NiV-dimethylglycinato)2(H20) five-co-ordinate, trans-glycinates, axial ... 

An excellent method for the diastereoselective synthesis of substituted amino acids is based on optically active bislactim ethers of cyclodipeptides as Michael donors (Schollkopf method, see Section 1.5.2.4.2.2.4.). Thus, the lithium enolates of bislactim ethers, from amino acids add in a 1,4-fashion to various a,/i-unsaturated esters with high diastereofacial selectivity (syn/anti ratios > 99.3 0.7-99.5 0.5). For example, the enolate of the lactim ether derivative 6, prepared from (S)-valine and glycine, adds in a highly stereoselective manner to methyl ( )-3-phenyl-propenoate a cis/trans ratio of 99.6 0.4 and a syn/anti ratio of 91 9, with respect to the two new stereogenic centers, in the product 7 are found105, los. 

A peptoid pentamer of five poro-substituted (S)-N-(l-phenylethyl)glycine monomers, which exhibits the characteristic a-helix-like CD spectrum described above, was further analyzed by 2D-NMR [42]. Although this pentamer has a dynamic structure and adopts a family of conformations in methanol solution, 50-60% of the population exists as a right-handed helical conformer, containing all cis-amide bonds (in agreement with modeling studies [3]), with about three residues per turn and a pitch of 6 A. Minor families of conformational isomers arise from cis/trans-amide bond isomerization. Since many peptoid sequences with chiral aromatic side chains share similar CD characteristics with this helical pentamer, the type of CD spectrum described above can be considered to be indicative of the formation of this class of peptoid helix in general. 

Interaction of Ni11 ions with amino acids is also important for asymmetric synthesis of amino acids. A convenient large-scale asymmetric synthesis of enantiometrically pure trans-cinnamyl-glycine and -o-alanine via reaction of cinnamyl halides with Ni11 complexes of a chiral Schiff base of glycine and alanine has been elaborated.1711 Similar procedures have been applied to other amino acids as well.1712... 

Photo-isomerism is also found in this group of compounds. Cis-Pt(NH3)2(H20)l+ photo-isomerizes to trans with a quantum yield of about 0.1 at 363 nm (40). Photoisomerism of Pt (glycine) 2 from cis to trans, but not its reverse is also reported. 

The underlying biochemical defect is a failure of mitochondrial uptake of ornithine. This results in a failure of citrulline synthesis and a consequent hyperammonemia. Urinary orotic acid is high, presumably because of underutilization of carbamyl phosphate. In contrast, excretion of creatine is low, reflecting the inhibition of glycine trans-amidinase by excessive levels of ornithine. 

JC Purdie, NL Benoiton. Piperazinedione formation from esters of dipeptides containing glycine, alanine and sarcosine the kinetics in aqueous solution. J Chem Soc Perk Trans 2, 1845, 1973. 

PEPTIDYL GLYCINE a-AMIDATING MONOOXYGENASE Peptidylprolyl ds-trans isomerase,... 

Figure 27. Comparison of the L-Clu-induced integrated channel currents between two different preparations of GluR-incorporated BLMs upon injecting the identical concentration of l-GIu (0.10 nM). Applied potential +50 mV. Conditions 9.8 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.6) containing 0.52 M NaCI, 0.19 mM CaCl2, 4.8 mM glycine, 24 pg mL of concanavalin A, 8.1 mM sucrose and 0.40 M formamide in both cis and trans side solutions. Proteoliposomes were injected only to the cis side and agonist solution was added to the trans side. Applied potential +50 mV. The l-GIu solution was injected to the trans side. ...

Figure 28. Changes in the integrated channel currents for multichannel BLM upon addition of L-Clu, MK-801, and DNQX in series. Solution condition (a) the same as in Figure 27, (b) 20 mM citric acid, 42 mM Tris, 0.15 M NaCI, 5.0 mM glycine, 0.20 mM CaCb, and 25 mg ml" of concanavalin A, pH 7.6, and (c) the same as in Figure 27. Applied potential (a) +30 mV, (b) -30 mV, and (c) +30 mV. The L-Clu solution was injected to the trans side. The antagonist was injected to both sides.

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