TP Silvex

5-TP [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy propionic acid], or silvex, is an herbicide that has been used for weed and brush control on rangeland and rights of way. It is soluble in water and its environmental resistance is expected to be relatively short. 2,4,5-TP is contaminated to varying extents with 2,3,7,8-TCDD, a toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-/j-dioxin. It has been classified in the EPA s Group D (not classifiable). 

---

TP (Silvex) 0.05 0.05 Liver problems Residue of banned herbicide... 

Toxic organic compounds commonly found in groundwater are presented in Table 18.4. Other toxic organic compounds (representing 1% of cases) include PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP (silvex), toxaphene, methoxychlor, lindane, and endrin, of which 2,4-D and silvex are commonly used for killing aquatic and land weeds. Inorganic toxic substances commonly found in... 

A waste is toxic under 40 CFR Part 261 if the extract from a sample of the waste exceeds specified limits for any one of eight elements and five pesticides (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, silver, endrin, methoxychlor, toxaphene, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-TP Silvex using extraction procedure (EP) toxicity test methods. Note that this narrow definition of toxicity relates to whether a waste is defined as hazardous for regulatory purposes in the context of this chapter, toxicity has a broader meaning because most deep-well-injected wastes have properties that can be toxic to living organisms. 

Millions of pounds (1 lb = 0.454 k) of pesticides are used on croplands, forests, lawns, and gardens in the United States each year. A large quantity of hazardous pesticides is also released by the pesticide industry to the environment. These hazardous pesticides drain off into surface waters or seep into underground water supplies. Many pesticides pose health problems if they get into drinking water and the water is not properly treated. The maximum limits for pesticides in drinking water are (a) endrin, 0.0002 mg/L (b) lindane, 0.004 mg/L (c) methoxychlor, 0.1 mg/L (d) toxaphene, 0.005 mg/L (e) 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L and (f) 2,4,5-TP silvex, 0.01 mg/L. 

These herbicides are highly selective for hroadleaved weeds. 2,4-D was the first chlorophenoxy acid herbicide developed. There are several compounds that belong to this group in addition to 2,4-D and they include 2,4-DB, Di-chlorprop, MPCA, MPCB, MCPP, 2,4,5-T, and 2,4,5-TP (Silvex). 

Synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides such as the following 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP (Silvex), acrylamide, Alachlor, atrazine, benzoapyrene, carbofuran, Chlordane, dalapon, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl phtha-late, dibromochloropropane, Dinoseb, dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), Diquat, Endothall, Endrin, epic-hlorohydrin, ethylene dibromide, glyphosate, He-ptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene. 

Lindane Toxaphene 2,4,5-TP silvex Trichloroethylene 1,2-Dichloroethane Benzene... 

Table I lists the EPA contaminants and the criteria that EPA has established to constitute a hazardous toxic waste. Table 2 shows the concentrations of the inorganic contaminants in the extract from the phosphogypsum samples. All of the organic compounds listed by EPA as hazardous toxic waste.s were tested by the standard EPA procedure none were detected. These included endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, toxaphene, 2,4-D silvex, and 2,4,5-TP silvex. All of the metals listed in Table I were found to be present in the extract at concentrations lower than allowed by EPA (as shown in Table 2). Therefore, by EPA definition phosphogypsum is not a hazardous toxic waste material. This confirms earlier research conclusions 71 that the leaching of trace elements from phosphogypsum is not significant in introducing hazardous toxic waste materials into the environment.

---