Toxins environmental fate

Environmental toxicology is defined as the study of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment. Although this definition would encompass toxic chemicals naturally found in the environment (i.e., animal venom, microbial and plant toxins), environmental toxicology is typically associated with the study of environmental chemicals of anthropogenic origin. Environmental toxicology can be divided into two subcategories ... 

Therefore, the soil texture may determine the environmental fate of biological and chemical threat agents. To sequester, sorb, and remove such materials, a clay-textured soil is advantageous. Sand-textured soils facilitate biological and chemical materials within the environment. In studies presented below, the quantity and type of clay will be discussed with respect to the sorption and movement of toxin and microbial spores. 

Toxins can be persistent or non-persistent. Generally, Toxins are non-persistent. Environmental Fate ... 

Must have reduced human absorption and bioavailability The toxicity of it should be understood Knowledge of its environmental fate is understood Minimized hazardous properties (e.g., explosivity) Minimal chemical effects due to reactivity (e.g., oxidation) Reduced synergism with known environmental toxins... 

Baumgarte, S. and C.C. Tebbe. 2005. Field studies on the environmental fate of the CrylAB Bt toxin produced by transgenic maize (MON810) and its effect on bacterial communities in the maize rhizosphere. Mol. Ecol. 14 2539-2551. 

The finding that large proportions of the toxin are released into the surrounding seawater mean that future research into the environmental interactions and fate of the toxins is important. 

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