Toxicity of cadmium

Fig. 15-11 Effects of strong complexation on metal ion toxicity, (a) Increasing concentration of NTA, a strong multi-dentate complexing agent, decreases the toxicity of Cd to grass shrimp. All systems have equal concentrations of total Cd. (b) When the results are replotted showing survival as a function of Cd concentration, the data for all concentrations of NTA collapse to a single curve. (Reprinted with permission from W. G. Sunda et al. (1978). Effect of chemical speciation on toxicity of cadmium to grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio importance of free cadmium ions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12,409-413, American Chemical Society.)...

Babich, H. and Stotzky, G., Reductions in the toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms by clay minerals,... 

Kamel, Z., Toxicity of cadmium to two Streptomyces species as affected by clay minerals, Plant Soil, 93 (2), 195-203, 1986. 

Megharaj K.V.M., Sethunathan N., Naidu R. Bioavailability and toxicity of cadmium to microorganisms and their activities in soil a review. Adv Environ Res 2003 8 121-135. 

Carroll, J.J., S.J. Ellis, and W.S. Oliver. 1979. Influences of hardness constituents on the acute toxicity of cadmium to brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22 575-581. 

Chapman, G.A. 1978. Toxicities of cadmium, copper, and zinc to four juvenile stages of chinook salmon and steelhead. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 107 841-847. 

Pascoe, D. and D.L. Mattey. 1977. Studies on the toxicity of cadmium to the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Jour. Fish Biol. 11 207-215. 

Penttinen, S., A. Kostamo, and J.V.K. Kukkonen. 1998. Combined effects of dissolved organic material and water hardness on toxicity of cadmium to Daphnia magna. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 2498-2503. 

Pickering, Q.H. and M. Gast. 1972. Acute and chronic toxicity of cadmium to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada 29 1099-1106. 

Theede, H., N. Scholz, and H. Fisher. 1979. Temperature and salinity effects on the acute toxicity of cadmium to Laomedea loveni (Hydrozoa). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 13-19. 

Stacey, N.H., K-L.Wong, and C.D. Klaassen. 1983. Protective effects of chromium on the toxicity of cadmium in vivo. Toxicology 28 147-153. 

Lin, H.C. and W.A. Dunson. 1993. The effect of salinity on the acute toxicity of cadmium to the tropical, estuarine, hermaphroditic fish, Rivulus marmoratus a comparison of Cd, Cu, and Zn tolerance with Fundulus heteroclitus. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 25 41-47. 

Vijayaraman, K. and P. Geraldine. 1992. Toxicity of cadmium, copper, chromium and zinc to Macrobrachium rude. Geobios 19 77-80. 

Attar, E.N. and E.J. Maly. 1982. Acute toxicity of cadmium, zinc, and cadmium-zinc mixtures to Daphnia magna. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 11 291-296. 

Burton, D.J. and D.J. Fisher. 1990. Acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, zinc, ammonia, 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine, 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline, methylene chloride, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol to juvenile grass shrimp and killifish. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44 776-783. 

Lalande, M. and B. Pinel-Alloul. 1986. Acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc to Tropocycylops prasinus mexicanus (cyclopoida, copepoda) from the Quebec lakes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 5 95-102. 

Errecalde, O., Seidl, M. and Campbell, P. G. C. (1998). Influence of a low molecular weight metabolite (citrate) on the toxicity of cadmium and zinc to the unicellular green alga Selenastrum capricornutum an exception to the free-ion model, Water Res., 32, 419 -29. 

Toxicity of cadmium increases in cases of zinc deficiency, due to the zinc substitution in biological systems, which leads to functional disorders. Cadmium reduces assimilation of vitamins C and D. However, a large amount of these vitamins in the diet will decrease the toxicity of cadmium through the reduction of its absorption from the intestinal tract (Friberg et ah, 1986 Hill, 1996 McLaughlin et ah, 1999). 

Stacey NH. 1987a. Reduced glutathione and toxicity of cadmium/chloroform mixtures in isolated rat hepatocytes. In Vitro Toxicol 1 189-192. 

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