Toxic power number

Perit = critical product concentration at which fermentation ends n = toxic power number... 

Figure 5.36. Decrease of the observed rate constant in the generalized Monod equation modified with Equ. 5.105 with increase in the inhibiting product concentration p, showing the effect of toxic power number n. (From Levenspiel, 1980.)...

Beryllium compounds are very toxic and must be handled with great caution. Their properties are dominated by the highly polarizing character of the Be2+ ion and its small size. The strong polarizing power results in moderately covalent compounds, and its small size limits to four the number of groups that can attach to the ion. These two features together are responsible for the prominence of the... 

Safety Considerations. High-power lasers raise a number of safety issues. There are the flammability and the toxicity of dye solutions. Most importantly, the eye hazards of laser radiation require careful shielding of the beam, and interlocks that restrict access to the laser room and to the dome. The laser could also dazzle aircraft pilots if they look directly down the beam. It is therefore necessary to close a shutter in the beam when a plane comes too close, either manually by human spotters, or automatically by use of radar, thermal IR or CCD cameras. Care must also be taken to avoid hitting overhead satellites in the case of pulsed or high power laser systems. 

We see from the above that there is a striking alternation in the physiological properties of w-fluorocarboxylic esters of the general formula of F- [CH2]w-C02.R. Thus when n is an odd number the compound is highly toxic to animals, whereas when n is even the compound is non-toxic. All the toxic compounds are powerful convulsant poisons and showed symptoms of the fluoroacetate type. 

The energy, or power, of electron beam induced in the flue gas is divided and absorbed by their gas components roughly depending on their electron fraction. Therefore almost all the energy is absorbed by the main components of the flue gas, namely, N2, O2, CO2, and H2O. Table 2 shows a typical concentration of the components in coal-fired flue gas in Japan. The ratio of the total number of electrons in each gas components is also listed in the same table. The energy absorbed directly by the toxic components (SO2 and NO) is negligibly small. For electron beam treatment of flue gas, ammonia gas is added to the flue gas before the irradiation. The amount of ammonia is usually set as stoichiometrically, i.e., 2A[S02] + A[NO], where A[S02] and A[NO] are the concentrations of SO2 and NO intended to be treated, respectively. The concentration of ammonia is usually higher than the initial concentration of SO2 and NO however, it is still far lower than that of the main components. 

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