Toxaphene interactions

Lawrence, L.J and Casida, J.E (1984). Interactions of lindane, toxaphene, and cyclodienes with brain-specific t-bntyl phosphorothionate receptor. Life Science 35, 171. 

For each of the model compounds, some material will have leached deeper Into the soil than Is shown in the table. The model calculates only the position of maximum concentration. For a compound like DBCP, which has a very weak adsorption interaction with the soil, the concentration profile will be spread out. DBCP would probably be found at low concentrations at the 1017 cm level. For the strongly adsorbed compounds, such as toxaphene and methoxychlor, the concentration peak will be narrow, and the depth of maximum concentration is the depth where most of the material is. 

Toxaphene. Toxaphene is apparently strongly adsorbed and should not move in the soil profile. Because of its strong sorptive interaction with soils, some material may erode into surface waters during irrigation or precipitation events. There is no evidence for oxidation, hydrolysis, or biodegradation (29). Photolysis probably would not occur. However, volatilization is... 

Brown, T.M., D.R. Johnson, A.R. Hopkins, J.A. Durant, and D.C. Montefiori. 1982. Interactions of pyrethroid insecticides and toxaphene in cotton. Jour. Agricul. Food Chem. 30 542-545. 

There is inadequate knowledge of interaction effects of toxaphene with other agricultural chemicals (especially when mixtures are applied simultaneously) and with other persistent compounds in aquatic ecosystems, such as PCBs, DDT and its isomers, and petroleum. 

An interesting pesticide-ascorbic acid interaction in fish has been studied by Mayer and coworkers (140-143). Several species of fish were continuously exposed to toxaphene on diets with and without ascorbic acid. The toxaphene reduced the ascorbic acid content of the vertebrae but not of the liver, leading the investigators to believe that this reduction unfavorably affects collagen formation. Diets containing the higher levels of L-ascorbic acid reduced toxaphene residues and increased the tolerance to the chronic effect of toxaphene on growth, bone development, and skin lesions. 

In conclusion, the picrotoxinin binding site can accept a variety of compounds such as cyclodiene insecticides, y-BHC, toxaphene, bicyclic phosphates, and picrotoxinin (4). While the mode of interaction seems to be somewhat flexible, there appears to be a minimum requirement for active compounds to possess at least two of the three essential sites, i.e. two electronegative and one steric bulkiness (or hydrophobicity) sites within a definite range of distance. Bridged bicyclic structures are suited for the preparation of compounds which satisfy such structural requirements. 

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