Torsional steering

Martinelli MJ, Peterson BC, Khau VV, Hutchison DR, Leanna MR, Audia JE, Droste JJ, Wu YD, Houk KN. Stereoselective epoxidations and electrophilic additions to partial ergot alkaloids and conformationally-fixed styrenes. Experimental and theoretical modeling evidence for the importance of torsional steering as a stereocontrol element. J. Org. Chem. 1994 59 2204-2210. 

A force sensor combines a structure that responds to force changes with a sensor that converts these changes into a signal. A torque sensor similarly consists of a torsion or tension element detector, but it also has to transmit the force. Consider the torque for a electric power steering system any failure would immediately mean loss of control of the vehicle, so this must be avoided under all circumstances. Steering column torque requires careful finite element calculation, durability and performance testing to failure, and validation. 

One of the latest developments in the area of steering torque sensors is an optical concept created by Bishop Innovation with Bosch. As in conventional hydraulic steering systems, a torsion bar is a part of the steering column. A disc with a barcode on its surface is attached to each end of the torsion bar. A light source within the sensor module illuminates the surface of the coded discs, partially reflecting the light through a lens onto an optoelectronic ASIC. 

Axial chirality assignment of the absolute configurations (M) or (P) using the torsional axis (R) or (S) using the steering-wheel system. 

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