Topography rights

Fig. 29 Epi-fluorescent (left) and AFM topography (right) images of two different sizes of DNA-modified gold nanoparticles [121]. The image in the middle represents an AFM scan of a line between the two arrows in the right image. Reprinted with permission...

FIGURE 3.18 Images showing representative data from phase-separated domains of poly(styrene) in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. Left sample topography. Right apertureless infrared scattering near-field optical images of poly(styrene) domains in a poly(methyl methacrylate) film recorded at the frequencies shown. 

Figure 2.15 AFM images of the sulfonated polyoxadiazole nanocomposite film surfaces containing 1 wt.% CNT. (Left) Tapping mode AFM topography. (Right) Phase mode AFM image of the same area.

Figure 11 AFM topographic images (left topography, right phase) of photocured CE/AZl 29 70 30...

This type of volume defect in the crystal is known as a "screw dislocation", so-called because of its topography. Note that the spiral dislocation of the growing lattice deposits around the Une defect at right angles to the line defect. 

Figure 3. CSAFM images of surface conductance (right-hand panel, black areas are conductive) and topography (left-handpanel) of a 5 x 5 pm region of the cathode surface at 1.0 V tip-sample voltage difference.

Fig. 1. The structure of the LHCII monomer as derived from electron crystallography [51], A proposed topography of the polypeptide in the photosynthetic membrane. Letters A, B and C indicate the three hydrophobic ix-helices spanning the membrane. Chlorophyll molecules are arranged into two rings roughly parallel to the membrane plane. B Approximate position of the chlorophyll in the upper level (left) and lower level (right) on the membrane plane. Dashed lines outline a-helices A, B and C. Chlorophyll molecules are oriented perpendicular to the membrane plane and are thus represented as black bars. Chlorophylls numbered as 6,7 and 8 are closer to those belonging to the lower layer than the other pigment molecules...

Figure 13. Selection of oxygen isotopic sample localities from the Himalayas and Indo-Gan-getic Plain together with outlines of selected associated drainage basins. Stars are primarily from Ranesh and Sarin (1995), filled circles from Gajurel et al. (2006). Rivers and streams and underlying topography derived from Hydro lk digital elevation dataset (Hydrolk 2005). North is to the right.

Figure 12.3 depicts the piezoresponse signal (red curve) and the sample topography (black curve) taken across the wedged sample. Note the different sample regions deduced from the topography profile. From left to right, they are the pzt native surface, the polished pzt... 

Epitaxial crystallization of helical polymers may involve three different features of the polymer chain or lattice. These are (a) the interchain distance (as for stretched out polymers), (b) the chain axis repeat distance, and (c) the interstrand distance - the distance between the exterior paths of two successive turns of the helix. The two former periodicities are normal and parallel to the chain axis direction, and are therefore not usually sensitive to the chirality of the helix (unless the substrate topography is asymmetric and favors a given helical hand). However, the interstrand distance is oblique to the helix axis (it is normal to the orientation of the outer chain path) and therefore has different, symmetric orientations relative to the helix axis for left-handed and right-handed helices (Fig. 2). In other words, epitaxies that involve the interstrand distances are discriminative with respect to helix chirality. This discrimination becomes visible if the crystal structure is based on whole layers of isochiral helices. Such a situation does indeed exist for isotactic poly(l-butene), Form I, that will be considered soon. 

Fig. 5.21. AFM images (acquired in the pulsed force mode) showing the physical surface properties of MDMO-PPV PCBM blend films (1 4 by wt.) with a thickness of approximately 100 nm and the corresponding cross-sections, (a) Film spin-coated from a toluene solution, (b) Film spin-coated from a chlorobenzene solution. The pulsed force mode allows us to acquire the mechanical properties of the surface. The top left image shows the topography, the top right image shows the error picture, and the bottom left and bottom right images show the stiffness and adhesion, respectively...

Figure 10 shows this effect. At the left side the topography and a line scan of the uncoated fiber reinforced material is shown. At the right side of Fig. 10 the roughness of the clearcoat, coated directly on the substrate and dried under varying conditions is represented. The higher drying temperature causes a more distinct surface structure. 

Fig. 40 Conducting film, plasma polymerised from 2-iodothiophene, on silicon. Left topography contrast (shaded pseudo-3D-image) with 405 nm corrugation. Middle real part (conductivity), with a contrast of 2.8 nA. Right imaginary part (capacity), with a contrast of 270 pA, the a.c. currents shown in the middle and in the right image were simultaneously measured together with the topography. The cantilever is made of silicon nitride coated with gold. The excitation is 0.8 V at 60 kHz, the scan speed is 4.17 pm/s...

Fig. 41 Barium tetratitanate ceramics, partially reduced. The excitation is 5 V at 666.6 Hz, the scan speed 323 nm/s. Left topography contrast with 4.8 nm corrugation. Middle ohmic current, with a contrast of 170 pA inset 120 pA). Right capacitive current with a contrast of 310 pA inset 810 pA)...

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