Tonite

Volume properties in the system Mg7Si8022(OH)2-Fe7Si8022(OH)2 (cumming-tonite-grunerite) show well-defined linearity in the compositional range = 0.60 1.00 (Klein, 1964 Viswanathan and Ghose, 1965) Ve-... 

Interesting differences in sulfur isotope compositions are observed when comparing high-S peridotitic tectonites with low-S peridotite xenoliths (Fig. 3.7). Tec-tonites from the Pyrenees predominantly have negative 5 " S-values of around —5%c, whereas low-S xenoliths from Mongoha have largely positive 8 S-values of up to - -l%o. Ionov et al. (1992) determined sulfur contents and isotopic compositions in... 

Kinenite. AN expl containing DNB, somewhat similar in compn to Bellite (Vol 2, p B32-R), Roburite, Sekurite Tonite Ref Colver (1918), 141... 

Fovershom Mixture, called by Daniel Fulmi-coton Nitrati de Faversbam, consisted of NC 51.6 Ba nitrate 48.4%. This compn was practically the same as Tonite No 1, patented in 1874 in England by Trench, Faure Mackie, which contd NC 51 Ba nitrate 49% There was also Tonite No 2, which contd as the 3rd ingredient charcoal and Tonite No 3 (patented by Trench in 1889), which contd NC 14.55 to 19.00, m-DNB 13.20 to 13.00 Ba nitrate 72.25 to 68.00%. Some of these mixts were manufd in England, Belgium and USA. The compn of Belgian mixt was NC 50, Ba nitrate 40 saltpeter 10%. These mixts were suitable for underwater explns and some of them were used for loading torpedoes... 

Ref Daniel (1902), 769—70 (Tonite or Fulmi-coton Nitrate de Faversham)... 

Fulmicoton de Faversham or Tonite. Under these names are known expls consisting of Fulmicoton St Ba nitrate with or w/o other ingredients. The following compns are listed by Daniel (Ref) ... 

Tonite No 1, patented in England in 1874 by Trench, Faure Mackie contd Fulmicoton 51-6 Ba nitrate 48.4% white pdr Tonite No 2 contd charcoal as the 3rd ingredient grey pdr... 

Keywords Fillers, Manufacture, Characterisation, Calcium carbonate. Talc, Mica, Wollas-tonite. Clays, Aluminium hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide... 

Tonite Belg Brit expl contg GC (see the text)... 

In principle, all lamellar minerals may be used as barrier pigments, e.g., micaceous iron oxide [5.167]-[5.169], layer silicates (mica), linear polymeric silicates (wollas-tonite), and talc [5.170], However, untreated mica and talc are not very suitable because they are highly permeable to water [5.57]. The surface can be modified with, for example, silanes or titanates, to reduce water permeability and improve adhesion... 

Coton, Poudre ou.French name for Tonite, a blasting expl based on Guncotton mixed with Ba nitrate... 

When found, the bomb should be handled with great precaution and not be turned upside down, because some bombs, (called "bombes a ren-versement ) explode on such movement. In order to prevent anybody else from such an action, the upper part of the bomb should be marked with chalk or pencil. Then the bomb is moved carefully into an excavation dug in a field, a cartridge of Dynamite or Tonite (provided with a primer and a 100 meter long piece of fuse), is placed over it and the ensemble covered with earth. Detonation of the cartridge explodes the contents of the bomb and shatters it to pieces... 

Tonita (Tonite). A powerful expl mixt of Ba nitrate 68, Dinitrobenzene 13 and Gun cotton 19%. Used as a bursting charge in ammo (Ref 9, p 31). Another formulation for Tonita is given under Nitrocelulosas in this section... 

Tonite (Fulmicoton nitre de Faversham in Fr). A series of Brit commercial blasting expls manufd by the Cotton Powder Co, Ltd at Faversham from 1874 thru the early 20th century... 

The first mixt, Tonite No 1, was patented in 1874 by Trench, Faure and Mackie, and contained NC (pulped) 51.6 and Ba nitrate 48.4%. This mixt was designed not to develop poisonous gases such as CO on functioning, supposedly containing sufficient oxygen for complete combustion. This was proven not to be the case, however, as was shown in tests conducted by Abel in Engl and Sarrau and Vieille in Fr... 

A second formulation, Tonite No 2, contained NC (pulped), K Na nitrates, charcoal and S. 

Toward the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, Tonites were used quite extensively in commercial blasting operations (as in the construction of the Manchester Canal), as well as for such military purposes as charging torpedoes... 

Tonites were also manufd in the USA by the Tonite Powder Co of San Francisco, and in Belg by the Societe Cooppal at Wettem. The following compn was used by the Belg Corps of... 

Potentite Belg expl, same as tonite prepg preparing... 

One material that has been used to replace asbestos in certain applications is wollas-tonite or calcium metasilicate. This is also a fibrous mineral filler but with a lower aspect ratio than asbestos. Surface-treated versions are available to improve adhesion to the epoxy matrix. It can be applied at relatively high loading levels to provide for high strength and improvements in moisture resistance.25... 

Uses In place of potassium chlorate in percussion primer compositions, with the object of prodneing noncorrosive primers, P4. Also in pyrotechnic compositions, in blasting explosives, and in some componnd propellants. See Double-Base Powders, E. C. Powder, Poudre B. N., Tonite, Strontium Nitrate, F8. 

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